The method of least squares is a mathematically exact method. It is the best way of adjusting survey data particularly very precise measurements. This method is employed to simultaneously adjust the angular and linear measurements to make the sum of the squares of the residuals a minimum. It is base on the Select the correct response: • Theory of relativity • Theory of Probability • Skill and accuracy of observation • Principle of actuarial mathematics • Variations and accuracies of adjusted observations and positions

Q: What is the standard deviation of the adjusted value for the following set of 10 distance…

A: Given: The number of observations is 10. The data of observation is 532.688, 532.682, 532.682,…

Q: The following 8 linear measurements were taken over a relatively flat surface at different…

A: The measurements in the survey require some operations such as pointing, centering, and reading. As…

Q: 1. Use the simulation to create the pattern of equipotential lines shown below. 30 V 40 V 50 V 50 V…

A: There are two charges. Thus the polarities are positive with a total of two positive charges: The…

Q: Situation 3] From the measured value of distance XY, the following trials were recorded: Trials…

A:

Q: The distance between point A and B was measured 15 times. The mean of the 15 measurements is…

A: Given data- Sample size n = 15Mean=124.555'Standard deviation σ= 0.500'To Find-The 50% Error E

Q: Size of photograph

A: “Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three subparts for…

Q: A distance AB is observed repeatedly using the same equipment and procedures, and the results, in…

A: A distance AB is observed repeatedly using the same equipment and procedures, and the results, in…

Q: ication. Static Network +

A: THese termonoligies are related to static interconnection.

Q: The error of curvature and refraction of distance 1243.36 m, is: Answer: Choose... +

A: Given distance = 124.36m = 0.12436 Km

Q: 11. As part of a project, you have been asked to determine the adjusted height of a client's office…

A: The design matrix is defined to be a matrix X so that :Xij (the jth column of the ith row of X) that…

Errors in surveying

An error in surveying is defined as the difference between two or more values of an identical quantity. However, the estimates are never accurate and there will always be a degree of variability regardless of the research tool or method used. These differences are known as errors that need to be reduced or eliminated to maintain certain levels of accuracy. Even if you carefully follow the prescribed test procedures, the considerations may contain errors.