The MB curves in the diagram slope downward because of the law of Multiple Choice O O conservation of matter and energy. diminishing returns. increasing cost.
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- Suppose a city releases 16 million gallons of raw sewage into a nearby lake. Table 12.8 shows the total costs of cleaning up the sewage to different levels, together with the total benefits of doing so. (Benefits include environmental, recreational, health, and industrial benefits.) Using the information in Table 12.8, calculate the marginal costs and marginal benefits of reducing sewage emissions for this city. See Production, Costs and Industry Structure if you need a refresher on how to calculate marginal costs. What is the optimal level of sewage for this city? Why not just pass a law that films can emit zero sewage? After all, the total benefits of zero emissions exceed the total costs.1.Explain specifictly how to overcome and solve the major problem of Mcdonal's company from polluting the water? 2. Explain specifictly how to stop the staff from throwing unethically waste inside the water? 3. Explain what the company will do if the staff still throwing unethically waste in the water?1. Solve for the graph and aggregate demand of the city’s 30 residents as functions of the number of trees. Label intercepts slopes and intersection of two sections. 2. Assume that the city can obtain each tree at a constant marginal cost of 200. Solve the socially efficient numbers of trees for the city to purchase.
- Principles of Microeconomics Prof. Pinyuan Dong Due October 12, 2022 Problem Set 2 A. Suppose the demand and supply for the market of cigarettes in a city is given by QD = 400-50P, Qs = 50P. 1. Graph the demand and supply curves. What is the market equilibrium price and quantity? 2. The city council wants to discourage smoking. If the socially optimal demand for cigarettes is QD 200-50P, what can the city council do to achieve the socially optimal demand? 3. What is the quantity of cigarette sold after the government takes appropriate actions? How much do consumers pay and how much do producers get? Is the government action effective in its objective of discouraging cigarette consumption? B. Suppose the local gas station in a small town sells regular gasoline at $4/gallon. The gas station sells 100 gallons in a day. Due to global gas prices, it increased the price to $5/gallon. The next day, the gas station is only selling 90 gallons a day 1. Using these two points, calculate the price…A city currently emits 15 million gallons (MG) of raw sewage into a lake that is beside the city. Table 12.13 shows the total costs (TC) in thousands of dollars of cleaning up the sewage to different levels, together with the total benefits (TB) of doing so. Benefits include environmental, recreational, health, and industrial benefits. Using the information in Table 12.13 calculate the marginal costs and marginal benefits of reducing sewage emissions for this City. What is the optimal level of sewage for this city? How can you tell?The rows in Table 12.7 show three market-oriented tools for reducing pollution. The columns of the table show three complaints about command-and-control regulation. Fill in the table by stating briefly how each market-oriented tool addresses each of the three concerns.
- In the Land of Purity, there is only one form of pollution, called gunk. Table 12.14 shows possible combinations of economic output and reduction of gunk, depending on what kinds of environmental regulations you choose. Sketch a graph of a production possibility frontier with environmental quality on the horizontal axis, measured by the percentage reduction of gunk, and with the quantity of economic output on the vertical axis. Which choices display productive efficiency? How can you tell? Which choices show allocative efficiency? How can you tell? In the choice between K and L, can you say which one is better and why? In the choice between K. and N, can you say which one is better, and why? If you had to guess, which choice would you think is move likely to represent a command-and-control environmental policy and which choice is more likely to represent a market-oriented environmental policy, choice L or M? Why?A country called Sherwood is very heavily covered with a forest of 50,000 trees. There are proposals to clear some of Sherwoods forest and grow com, but obtaining this additional economic output will have an environmental cost from reducing the number of trees. Table 12.11 shows possible combinations of economic output and environmental protection. Sketch a graph of a production possibility frontier with environmental quality on the horizontal axis, measured by the number of trees, and the quantity of economic output, measured in corn, on the vertical axis. Which choices display productive efficiency? How can you tell? Which choices show allocative efficiency? How can you tell? In the choice between T and R, decide which one is better. Why? In the choice between T and S, can you say which one is better, and why? If you had to guess, which choice would you think is more likely to represent a command-and-control environmental policy and which choice is more likely to represent a market-oriented environmental policy, choice Q or S? Why?ANSWER LETTER A As a eco-tourism site, the Kubak crystal caves are renowned for their stalactites and stalagmites.The warden of the caves offers a tour each afternoon at 2pm sharp. The caves can be shown toonly four people per day without disturbing their fragile ecology. Occasionally, however, more thanfour people want to see the caves on the same day. The following schedule lists the people whowanted to see the caves on September 24, 2003, together with their respective times of arrival andreservation prices for taking the tour that day. Customers Arrival Time Reservation price Herman 1:48 P 20 Jon 1:50 14 Kate 1:53 30 Jack 1:56 15 Penny 1:57 40 Fran 1:59 12 Faith 2:00 17 a.) If the tour is “free” and the warden operates on a first-come, first-served basis, what will the total consumer surplus be for the four people who get to go on the tour that day? b.) Suppose the warden solicits volunteers to postpone their tour by offering increasing amounts of cash…
- A Moving to another question will save this response. Question 3 $20 15 10 1,200 1,500 1,800 2,400 Refer to the figure. The figure represents the market for Covid vaccines with external benefits. The external of vaccination is benefit; $5 cost; $10 benefit; $20 cost; $15 A Moving to another question will save this response. * O O OOD Question 7 Noise generated by an airport best illustrates. market power. overproduction of private goods. an externality. an inequity.This graph represents the tobacco industry. IPrice 16 14 Social Cost 12 10 Private Cost 8 6 4 Demand 200 500 650 Quantity a) Without any government intervention, what is the market determined price and quantity? b) What is the price of the externality? c) What is the socially optimal price and quantity? d) What should the government do (impose a tax or provide a subsidy) to internalize this externality? What is the amount of the the corrective tax/subsidy needed to be to move the outcome from the market equilibrium to the socially-optimal outcome?