The maximum and minimum temperature recorded at a Lake is 18°C and 15°C in February. The mean air temperature (T), pan evaporation (EP), wind speed (uz), relative humidity (RH), and net radiation (Rn) in a nearby weather station were found to be 23°C, 15 mm/day, 23 m/s, 47%, 20.54 MJ/m²/day, respectively. Estimate Lake evaporation (mm/day) using: (a) Pan Evaporation method, (b) Aerodynamic method, (c) Energy balance method, and (d) Penman method of combined aerodynamic and energy balance algorithm. Data you may need: 19.65 T Saturation vapor pressure, es = 611 e 273+T) where T is temperature in °C and e, in Pa (You can also use table to read off the value of e, from internet or textbook (Table 2.9 or Appendix A) Assume, Pan Coefficient = 0.7 Bulk evaporation coefficient, CE = 1.3×10-3 Vapor pressure at elevation Z; ez = RH*es Atmospheric pressure at sea level 101.3 kPa Density of air = 1.19 kg/m³ and for water = 1000 kg/m³ Bowen ratio = 0.1 Latent heat of vaporization (2) = 2.447 MJ/kg Disregard the soil head index (G= 0) Constants for the Penman method (Table 2.9): at 23°C, A = 0.17 and y = 0.0669 kPa/°C

The maximum and minimum temperature recorded at a Lake is 18°C and 15°C in February. The mean air temperature (T), pan evaporation (EP), wind speed (uz), relative humidity (RH), and net radiation (Rn) in a nearby weather station were found to be 23°C, 15 mm/day, 23 m/s, 47%, 20.54 MJ/m²/day, respectively. Estimate Lake evaporation (mm/day) using: (a) Pan Evaporation method, (b) Aerodynamic method, (c) Energy balance method, and (d) Penman method of combined aerodynamic and energy balance algorithm. Data you may need: 19.65 T Saturation vapor pressure, es = 611 e 273+T) where T is temperature in °C and e, in Pa (You can also use table to read off the value of e, from internet or textbook (Table 2.9 or Appendix A) Assume, Pan Coefficient = 0.7 Bulk evaporation coefficient, CE = 1.3×10-3 Vapor pressure at elevation Z; ez = RH*es Atmospheric pressure at sea level 101.3 kPa Density of air = 1.19 kg/m³ and for water = 1000 kg/m³ Bowen ratio = 0.1 Latent heat of vaporization (2) = 2.447 MJ/kg Disregard the soil head index (G= 0) Constants for the Penman method (Table 2.9): at 23°C, A = 0.17 and y = 0.0669 kPa/°C

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Q1) The reservoir has the following data: Evaporation by mass transfer = 4.5 mm/day Emitted solar radiation 7.25 MJ/m2.day Shortwave radiation reflection from water body 5.2 MJ/m2.day - Albedo = 0.723 Longwave radiation backed to the atmosphere 1.65 MJ/m2.day Air temperature 25 °C Water temperature 10 °C %3D %3D Bown's ratio = 0.7 y = 0.066 kPa/°C Calculate the evaporation by using Penman's equation?
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HYDROLOGY CIVIL ENGINEERING
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