The market equilibrium quantity is units of pharmaceuticals, but the socially optimal quantity of pharmaceuticals production is To create an incentive for the firm to produce the socially optimal quantity of pharmaceuticals, the government could impose a per unit of pharmaceuticals. units. of

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
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Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions
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3. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantityof consumption
Consider the market for pharmaceuticals. Suppose that a pharmaceutical factory dumps toxic waste into a nearby river, creating a negative externality
for those living downstream from the factory. Producing additional pharmaceuticals imposes a constant per-unit external cost of $120. The following
graph shows the demand (private value) curve and the supply (private cost) curve for pharmaceuticals.
Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $120 per unit.
PRICE (Dollars per unit of pharmaceuticals)
600
540
480
420
360
300
240
180
120
60
0
0
1
O ☐
■
O
4
2
3
5
QUANTITY (Units of pharmaceuticals)
☐ Supply
6
(Private Cost)
Demand
(Private Value)
7
Social Cost
?
The market equilibrium quantity is ▼ units of pharmaceuticals, but the socially optimal quantity of pharmaceuticals production is
To create an incentive for the firm to produce the socially optimal quantity of pharmaceuticals, the government could impose a
$ per unit of pharmaceuticals.
units.
of
Transcribed Image Text:3. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantityof consumption Consider the market for pharmaceuticals. Suppose that a pharmaceutical factory dumps toxic waste into a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the factory. Producing additional pharmaceuticals imposes a constant per-unit external cost of $120. The following graph shows the demand (private value) curve and the supply (private cost) curve for pharmaceuticals. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $120 per unit. PRICE (Dollars per unit of pharmaceuticals) 600 540 480 420 360 300 240 180 120 60 0 0 1 O ☐ ■ O 4 2 3 5 QUANTITY (Units of pharmaceuticals) ☐ Supply 6 (Private Cost) Demand (Private Value) 7 Social Cost ? The market equilibrium quantity is ▼ units of pharmaceuticals, but the socially optimal quantity of pharmaceuticals production is To create an incentive for the firm to produce the socially optimal quantity of pharmaceuticals, the government could impose a $ per unit of pharmaceuticals. units. of
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