Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
The major product of this reaction exists as two stereoisomers. Draw both isomers. Use wedge and dash songs to indicate the steriochemistry.
![**Description for Educational Website:**
**Title:** Understanding Stereochemistry: Drawing Stereoisomers
**Question:**
The major product of this reaction exists as two stereoisomers. Draw both isomers. Show all hydrogen atoms in the structures. Use wedge and dash bonds to indicate the stereochemistry.
**Reactants and Reaction:**
- **Reactants:**
- Propene derivative: \[ \text{H}_3\text{C}-\text{CH}_2-\text{C}\equiv\text{C}-\text{CH}_3 \]
- Bromine: \[ \text{Br}_2 \]
- Water: \[ \text{H}_2\text{O (large excess)} \]
In the reaction, a propene derivative is treated with bromine and water, resulting in bromohydrin formation, leading to the creation of two stereoisomers.
**Instructions:**
The reaction involves converting an alkyne into an alkene, where stereochemistry must be considered. Use wedge and dash notation to represent the spatial arrangement of atoms:
- **Wedge Bond:** Indicates a bond projecting out of the plane, toward the observer.
- **Dash Bond:** Indicates a bond projecting behind the plane, away from the observer.
**Diagrams:**
- The image provides a detailed molecular structure editor featuring symbols for elements (C, H, O, Br) and drawing tools.
- Users can quickly draw and modify structures by adding hydrogen and manipulating bonds.
This exercise requires identifying and illustrating both stereoisomers produced in the reaction, ensuring the correct depiction of spatial atom arrangement to understand the stereochemistry involved.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F1835b5a7-5782-4063-aed4-15be16f4afbd%2F84425140-8e33-4b81-8c73-7bcef0400b2e%2Fqplfuz4_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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