The machinery at a food-packing plant is able to put exactly 12 ounces of juice in every bottle. However, some items such as apples come in variable sized so it is almost impossible to get exactly 12 ounces of apples. Therefore, the machinery is set to put an average of μ = 50 ounces in each bag. The distribution of bag weights is approximately normal with a standard deviation of σ = 4 ounces.    a. What is the probability of randomly picking a bag of apples that weighs less than 48 ounces?    b. What is the probability of randomly picking n = 4 bags of apples that have an average weight less than M = 48 ounces?

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Estimation

A new framework of data analysis where the new statistical methods are used for interpreting the results and analyzing the data is known as estimation in statistics.