The lumbar portion of the human spine supports the entire weight of the upper torso and the force load imposed on it. We consider here the disk (shaded red) between the lowest vertebra of the lumbar region (L5) and the uppermost vertebra of the sacrum re- gion. (a) For the case L 0, determine the com- pressive force C and the shear force S supported by this disk in terms of the body weight W. The weight W, of the upper torso (above the disk in question) is 68% of the total body weight W and acts at G. The vertical force F which the rectus muscles of the back 25 mm G1 W L3 L4 L5 G2 4r exert on the upper torso acts as shown in the figure. (b) Repeat for the case when the person holds a weight of magnitude L W/3 as shown. State any assumptions. F Sacrum 300 mm \50 mm

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Clutches, Brakes, Couplings, and Flywheels

The clutch is described as a machine element used to connect or disconnect two shafts together to transmit torque or power. The clutch works on the principles of friction. The clutch is commonly used in automobiles to transfer power from the driving shaft to the driven shaft.