The lower ends of the three steel bars in Figure are at the same level before the applied concentrated force 15 kN. Determine the force in the steel bars if the temperature is increased by 40°C. Neglect the weight of bar ACE. Bars AB,CD and EF each have a cross- sectional area of 25 mm 2 and a =11.7 *10 7 m/ m.°C. B 15 KN 0.2 m 0.2 m 0.4 m

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System of Forces

A force is an external influence or agent that changes the state of a system. According to Newton's second law, the force applied to a body is proportional to the change in momentum of a body. Hence, whenever a force is applied to a body, its momentum changes. If the body is at rest, under the action of force, its state of rest changes to motion. In other words, the magnitude of the momentum of the body changes from zero to a measurable value. Similarly, if the body possesses some initial velocity, it has some associated momentum, the effect of force can cause the body to halt or come to rest, that is, the momentum reduces to zero.