The lower end of a pole is a 3m long steel tube. It is joined to a 2.1 m long bronze tube. Compute the total elongation of the composite pole after a 15.15° rise in temperature. The steel part is 50 mm in outside diameter & 3mm thick while the bronze part which fits snugly in the steel tube is 3.2 mm thick. What compressive force is needed to return the pole to its original length? What will be the stresses in the steel & in the bronze after this force is applied? Neglect the length of splive/joint. For steel, use: a = 11.7 x 10-6 m/m, E = 210 GPa; & for bronze; a = 18.9 x 10-6 m/m, E = 83 GPa.

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Material Properties

Construction in civil engineering demands high strength, durability, and longevity. These targets can be achieved by better design and analysis, along with the correct choice of materials. Different materials have different properties and hence, they respond and performs differently under the various condition of external loadings. It is therefore a critical task of an engineer to select the right material based on the property that the material is supposed to function in real-time. When speaking about the property, there are different categories of material properties like chemical property, physical property, mechanical property, electrical property, magnetic property, thermal property, etc. These material properties form the basis of material selection in various applications.