The level of calciumin the blood of healthy young adults follows aNormal distributionwithmean μ = 10milligrams per deciliter and standard deviation  = 0.4. A clinicmeasures theblood calcium of 100 healthy pregnant young women at their first visit for prenatal care.The mean of these 100 measurements is ¯ x = 9.8. Is this evidence that the mean calciumlevel in the population of healthy pregnant young women is less than 10? To answer this,test the hypotheses H0 : μ = 10 versus Ha : μ < 10 at the 5% significance level.(a) What is the value of the P-value?(b) Determine which of the following statements is true.• H0 should be rejected.• H0 should not be rejected.• Ha should be rejected.• There is a 5% chance that the null hypothesis is true.

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Estimation

A new framework of data analysis where the new statistical methods are used for interpreting the results and analyzing the data is known as estimation in statistics.