The illustration best describes: A dormant bacterial infection A dormant viral infection An active bacterial infection An active viral infection
The illustration best describes: A dormant bacterial infection A dormant viral infection An active bacterial infection An active viral infection
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
Related questions
Question
The illustration best describes:
A dormant bacterial infection
A dormant viral infection
An active bacterial infection
An active viral infection

Transcribed Image Text:This image illustrates the lifecycle of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) within a host cell, detailing each step of the viral replication process.
1. **Attachment**: The HIV virus attaches to the host cell's surface. This process involves the viral envelope spikes, which interact with receptors on the host cell membrane.
2. **Fusion**: The viral envelope fuses with the plasma membrane of the host cell, allowing the viral capsid to enter the cell.
3. **Entry**: After fusion, the viral capsid and contents are released into the host cell's cytoplasm.
4. **Reverse Transcription**: The viral RNA is reverse-transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA) by the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
5. **Integration**: The newly formed double-stranded viral DNA is integrated into the host's DNA with the help of the enzyme integrase, forming the HIV provirus.
6. **Biosynthesis and Cleavage**: Viral RNA is produced via transcription of the integrated viral DNA. This RNA serves as the genome for new virus particles and is also translated into viral proteins at ribosomes. The viral proteins are then cleaved by proteases.
7. **Assembly**: New viral particles are assembled from the newly synthesized viral RNA and proteins.
8. **Budding**: The newly formed viral particles bud off from the host cell, acquiring a portion of the host cell's plasma membrane as its envelope. This host cell membrane features viral envelope spikes essential for future infections.
The diagram vividly shows how HIV hijacks a host cell's machinery to replicate and produce new viral particles, ultimately leading to the spread of infection.
Expert Solution

This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
This is a popular solution!
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps

Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Recommended textbooks for you

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9780134580999
Author:
Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:
PEARSON

Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:
9781947172517
Author:
Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:
OpenStax

Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:
9781259398629
Author:
McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:
Mcgraw Hill Education,

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9780134580999
Author:
Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:
PEARSON

Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:
9781947172517
Author:
Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:
OpenStax

Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:
9781259398629
Author:
McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:
Mcgraw Hill Education,

Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9780815344322
Author:
Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:
W. W. Norton & Company

Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:
9781260159363
Author:
Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.

Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:
9781260231700
Author:
Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:
McGraw Hill Education