Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04) 1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168390
Author: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
1 Essential Ideas 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Composition Of Substances And Solutions 4 Stoichiometry Of Chemical Reactions 5 Thermochemistry 6 Electronic Structure And Periodic Properties Of Elements 7 Chemical Bonding And Molecular Geometry 8 Advanced Theories Of Covalent Bonding 9 Gases 10 Liquids And Solids 11 Solutions And Colloids 12 Kinetics 13 Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts 14 Acid-base Equilibria 15 Equilibria Of Other Reaction Classes 16 Thermodynamics 17 Electrochemistry 18 Representative Metals, Metalloids, And Nonmetals 19 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry 20 Organic Chemistry 21 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter5: Thermochemistry
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1E: A burning match and a bonfire may have the same temperature, yet you would not sit around a burning... Problem 2E: Prepare a table identifying several energy transitions that take place during the typical operation... Problem 3E: Explain the difference between heat capacity and specific heat of a substance. Problem 4E: Calculate the heat capacity, in joules and in calories per degree, of the following: (a) 28.4 g of... Problem 5E: Calculate the heat capacity, in joules and in calories per degree, of the following: (a) 45.8 g of... Problem 6E: How much heat, in joules and in calories, must be added to a 75.0g iron block with a specific heat... Problem 7E: How much heat, in joules and in calories, is required to heat a 28.4-g (1-oz) ice cube from 23.0 C... Problem 8E: How much would the temperature of 275 g of water increase if 36.5 U of heat were added? Problem 9E: If 14.5 kJ of heat were added to 485 g of liquid water, how much would its temperature increase? Problem 10E: A piece of unknown substance weighs 44.7 g and requires 2110 J to increase its temperature from 23.2... Problem 11E: A piece of unknown solid substance weighs 437.2 g, and requires 8460 J to increase its temperature... Problem 12E: An aluminum kettle weighs 1.05 kg. (a) What is the heat capacity of the kettle? (b) How much heat is... Problem 13E: Most people find waterbeds uncomfortable unless the water temperature is maintained at about 85 F.... Problem 14E: A 500-mL bottle of water at room temperature and a 2-L bottle of water at the same temperature were... Problem 15E: Would the amount of heat measured for the reaction in Example 5.5 be greater, lesser, or remain the... Problem 16E: Would the amount of heat absorbed by the dissolution in Example 5.6 appear greater, lesser, or... Problem 17E: Would the amount of heat absorbed by the dissolution in Example 5.6 appear greater, lesser, or... Problem 18E: How many milliliters of water at 23 C with a density of 1.00 g/mL must be mixed with 180 mL (about 6... Problem 19E: How much will the temperature of a cup (180 g) of coffee at 95 C be reduced when a 45 g silver spoon... Problem 20E: A 45-g aluminum spoon (specific heat 0.88 J/g C) at 24 C is placed in 180 mL (180 g) of coffee at 85... Problem 21E: The temperature of the cooling water as it leaves the hot engine of an automobile is 240 F. After it... Problem 22E: A 70.0-g piece of metal at 80.0 °C is placed in loo g of water at 22.0 °C contained in a calorimeter... Problem 23E: If a reaction produces 1.506 kJ of heat, which is trapped in 30.0 g of water initially at 26.5 °C in... Problem 24E: A 0.500-g sample of KCl is added to 50.0 g of water in a calorimeter (Figure 5.12). If the... Problem 25E: Dissolving 3.0 g of CaCl2(s) in 150.0 g of water in a calorimeter (Figure 5.12) at 22.4 °C causes... Problem 26E: When 50.0 g of 0.200 M NaCl(aq) at 24.1 C is added to 100.0 g of 0.100 M AgNO3(aq) at 24.1 C in a... Problem 27E: The addition of 3.15 g of Ba(OH)28H2O to a solution of 1.52 g of NH4SCN in loo g of water in a... Problem 28E: The reaction of 50 mL of acid and 50 mL of base described in Example 5.5 increased the temperature... Problem 29E: If the 3.21 g of NH4NO3 in Example 5.6 were dissolved in 100.0 g of water under the same conditions,... Problem 30E: When 1.0 g of fructose, C6H12O6(s), a sugar commonly found in fruits, is burned in oxygen in a bomb... Problem 31E: When a 0.740-g sample of trinitrotoluene (TNT), C7H5N2O6, is burned in a bomb calorimeter, the... Problem 32E: One method of generating electricity is by burning coal to heat water, which produces steam that... Problem 33E: The amount of fat recommended for someone with a daily diet of 2000 Calories is 65 g. What percent... Problem 34E: A teaspoon of the carbohydrate sucrose (common sugar) contains 16 Calories (16 kcal). What is the... Problem 35E: What is the maximum mass of carbohydrate in a 6-oz serving of diet soda that contains less than 1... Problem 36E: A pint of premium ice cream can contain 1100 Calories. What mass of fat, in grams and pounds, must... Problem 37E: A serving of a breakfast cereal contains 3 g of protein, 18 g of carbohydrates, and 6 g of fat. What... Problem 38E: Which is the least expensive source of energy in kilojoules per dollar: a box of breakfast cereal... Problem 39E: Explain how the heat measured in Example 5.5 differs from the enthalpy change for the exothermic... Problem 40E: Using the data in the check your learning section of Example 5.5, calculate H in kJ/mol of AgNO3(aq)... Problem 41E: Calculate the enthalpy of solution ( H for the dissolution) per mole of NH4NO3 under the conditions... Problem 42E: Calculate H for the reaction described by the equation. (Hint : use the value for the approximate... Problem 43E: Calculate the enthalpy of solution ( H for the dissolution) per mole of CaCl2 (refer to exercise... Problem 44E: Although the gas used in an oxyacetylene torch (Figure 5.7) is essentially pure acetylene, the heat... Problem 45E: How much heat is produced by burning 4.00 moles of acetylene under standard state conditions? Problem 46E: How much heat is produced by combustion of 125 g of methanol under standard state conditions? Problem 47E: How many moles of isooctane must be burned to produce loo U of heat under standard state conditions? Problem 48E: What mass of carbon monoxide must be burned to produce 175 kJ of heat under standard state... Problem 49E: When 2.50 g of methane burns in oxygen, 125 kJ of heat is produced. What is the enthalpy of... Problem 50E: How much heat is produced when loo mL of 0.250 M HCl (density, 1.00 g/mL) and 200 mL of 0.150 M NaOH... Problem 51E: A sample of 0.562 g of carbon is burned in oxygen in a bomb calorimeter, producing carbon dioxide.... Problem 52E: Before the introduction of chlorofluorocarbons, sulfur dioxide (enthalpy of vaporization, 6.00... Problem 53E: Homes may be heated by pumping hot water through radiators. What mass of water will provide the same... Problem 54E: Which of the enthalpies of combustion in Table 5.2 the table are also standard enthalpies of... Problem 55E: Does the standard enthalpy of formation of H2O(g) differ from H for the reaction... Problem 56E: Joseph Priestly prepared oxygen in 1774 by heating red mercury(II) oxide with sunlight focused... Problem 57E: How many kilojoules of heat will be released when exactly 1 mole of manganese, Mn, is burned to form... Problem 58E: How many kilojoules of heat will be released when exactly 1 mole of iron, Fe, is burned to form... Problem 59E: The following sequence of reactions occurs in the commercial production of aqueous nitric acid:... Problem 60E: Both graphite and diamond burn. C(s,graphite)+O2(g)CO2(g) For the conversion of graphite to diamond:... Problem 61E: From the molar heats of formation in Appendix G, determine how much heat is required to evaporate... Problem 62E: Which produces more heat? Os(s)2O2(g)OsO4(s)orOs(s)2O2(g)OsO4(g) for the phase change... Problem 63E: Calculate H298 for the process Sb(s)+52Cl2(g)SbCl4(s) from the following information:... Problem 64E: Calculate H298 for the process Zn(s)+S(s)+2O2(g)ZnSO4(s) from the following information:... Problem 65E: Calculate H for the process Hg2Cl2(s)2Hg(l)+Cl2(g) from the following information:... Problem 66E: Calculate H298 for the process Co3O4(s)3Co(s)+2O2(g) from the following information:... Problem 67E: Calculate the standard molar enthalpy of formation of NO(g) from the following data:... Problem 68E: Using the data in Appendix G, calculate the standard enthalpy change for each of the following... Problem 69E: Using the data in Appendix G, calculate the standard enthalpy change for each of the following... Problem 70E: The following reactions can be used to prepare samples of metals. Determine the enthalpy change... Problem 71E: The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, has been used to provide thrust in the control jets of... Problem 72E: Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of propane, C3H8(g), for the formation of H2O(g) and CO2(g).... Problem 73E: Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of butane, C4H10(g) for the formation of H2O(g) and CO2(g). The... Problem 74E: Both propane and butane are used as gaseous fuels. Which compound produces more heat per gram when... Problem 75E: The white pigment TiO2 is prepared by the reaction of titanium tetrachioride, TiCl4, with water... Problem 76E: Water gas, a mixture of H2 and CO, is an important industrial fuel produced by the reaction of steam... Problem 77E: In the early days of automobiles, illumination at night was provided by burning acetylene, C2H2.... Problem 78E: From the data in Table 5.2, determine which of the following fuels produces the greatest amount of... Problem 79E: The enthalpy of combustion of hard coal averages 35 kJ/g, that of gasoline, 1.28105 kJ/gal. How many... Problem 80E: Ethanol, C2H5OH, is used as a fuel for motor vehicles, particularly in Brazil. (a) Write the... Problem 81E: Among the substances that react with oxygen and that have been considered as potential rocket fuels... Problem 82E: How much heat is produced when 1.25 g of chromium meta’ reacts with oxygen gas under standard... Problem 83E: Ethylene, C2H2, a byproduct from the fractional distillation of petroleum, is fourth among the 50... Problem 84E: The oxidation of the sugar glucose, C6H12O6, is described by the following equation:... Problem 85E: Propane, C3H8, is a hydrocarbon that is commonly used as a fuel. (a) Write a balanced equation for... Problem 86E: During a recent winter month in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, it was necessary to obtain 3500 kWh of heat... Problem 44E: Although the gas used in an oxyacetylene torch (Figure 5.7) is essentially pure acetylene, the heat...
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The hydrocarbons acetylene and benzene have the same empirical formula benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon , one that is unusually stable because of its structure. Determine the fuel value for acetylene and benzene.
Definition Definition Organic compounds with a planar cyclic ring of atoms bonded through alternated single and double bonds. Aromatic organic compounds, also called arenes, are an important class of hydrocarbons under the branch of organic chemistry.
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