The highly localized nature of stretch reflex is due to :-a- the limited number of interneurons in the reflex pathwayb- all the central ends of afferents from spindles of the stretched muscle terminate on the α -motor neurons of the musclec- the α -motor neurons of the stretched muscle receive most of the central terminals of afferents coming from spindles of the muscled- activation of inhibitory interneurons which inhibit the motor neurons ofthe surrounding muscles

The highly localized nature of stretch reflex is due to :-a- the limited number of interneurons in the reflex pathwayb- all the central ends of afferents from spindles of the stretched muscle terminate on the α -motor neurons of the musclec- the α -motor neurons of the stretched muscle receive most of the central terminals of afferents coming from spindles of the muscled- activation of inhibitory interneurons which inhibit the motor neurons ofthe surrounding muscles

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter13: The Nervous System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6RQ

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Central delay of reflex actions :-a- is due to presence of inhibitory interneurons in the reflex pathwayb- is the time between stimulation of receptors and response of the effector musclec- is longer in the flexor reflex than in the stretch reflexd- is determined by the velocity of conduction of impulses along the afferent and efferent neurons in the reflex pathway
Reciprocal inhibition between reflexes depends upon all the following,except :-a- presence of inhibitory interneurons in the reflex pathwaysb- presence of excitatory interneurons in the reflex pathwaysc- presence of anion channels in membranes of the involved neuronsd- release of inhibitory transmitters which block cation channels in the reflex pathways
There are reflex arcs that employ a gamma motor neuron wrapped around a muscle spindle and involve no interneurons. Which is NOT an appropriate example of these reflex arcs among the following? patellar reflex achilles reflex inverted supinator reflex C5 reflex arcs
In the knee jerk, contraction of quadriceps is accompanied by relaxation of the opposing flexor muscles. The contraction of quadriceps is mediated by a monosynaptic reflex (as stated above), and the relaxation of the antagonists is due to a dual connection reflex. The relaxation of antagonists is mediated by an inhibitory transmitter released by interneurones - these are called the la inhibitory interneurones, How do we name a dual connection reflex? monosynaptic disynaptic tricynaptic polysaccharide
Increased γ-motor neuron discharge stimulates muscle spindles, because :-a- it produces stretch of the extrafusal muscle fibersb- it causes stretch of the peripheral regions of the intrafusal fibersc- it causes stretch of the central region of the intrafusal fibersd- it stimulates directly the sensory fibers innervating muscle spindles
Tendon jerks are clinically examined to asses :-a- integrity of muscle spindlesb- integrity of reflex pathwayc- the total reflex time of the jerkd- central delay time of the jerk
The shortest reflex time is recorded with :-a- a flexor withdrawal reflexb-an inverse stretch reflexc- a stretch reflexd- a scratch reflex
After-discharge of reflex responses :-a- increase the magnitude of the reflex responsesb- delays the onset of fatigue of reflex responsesc- involves interneuron circuitsd- depends upon spatial summation
1) For each of the following reflexes, detail what the sensor is, the integrator, and the effector. Also note the neuronsinvolved in the reflex (like alpha motor neuron).a. Myotatic (stretch reflex)b. Autogenic Inhibition (Golgi tendon organ reflex)c. Flexor Reflex 2) You stimulate an alpha motor neuron and measure the force of contraction in a control muscle from a mouse. You then add Substance X, a newly synthesized product from your organic chemists. You observe that there is adecreased force of contraction following the same type of motor neuron stimulation.a. Draw your experimental setup and what force you measure before and after administering Substance X.Hint: You’ll need to include something to stimulate the muscle and something to measure the force. Whatyou measure is force upon stimulation (mN, milliNewtons) before and after addition of X.b. Hypothesize one way that Substance X could be inhibiting muscle contraction. Design an experiment…
Give a labeled illustration of a simple reflex arc with its components of the patella tendon tap reflex/knee jerk reflex.
The motor neuron involved in reciprocal innervation of the withdrawal reflex inhibits the extensor muscles of the limb. Considering what you learned about stretch reflexes, why does this make sense?
Recruitment of a reflex response is due to :-a- difference in the amount of presynaptic inputs to the various efferent neurons initiating the reflexb- difference in the conduction velocity of the various afferent neurons mediating the reflexc- delay at the neuromuscular junctiond- presence of inhibitory interneurons in the reflex pathway