States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
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Macmillan Learning
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The heat of vaporization of water is 40.66 kJ/mol. How much heat is absorbed when 2.95 g of water boils at
atmospheric pressure?
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To treat a burn on his hand, a person decides to place an ice cube on the burned skin. The mass of the ice cube is 12.7 g, and its
initial temperature is -11.9 °C. The water resulting from the melted ice reaches the temperature of his skin, 28.4 °C. How much
heat is absorbed by the ice cube and resulting water? Assume that all of the water remains in the hand. Constants for water can
be found in this table.
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