The growth in real investment spending O A. follows an erratic upward trend that is unrelated to the timing of recessions. B. declines significantly during recessions, and is subject to larger changes than is real consumption. O C. trends smoothly upwards and downwards at regular intervals. OD. follows a smooth, upward trend, interrupted only infrequently by brief recessions.
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- 1. Key facts about economic fluctuations The following graph approximates business cycles in the United States from the first quarter of 1955 to the third quarter of 1959. The vertical blue bar coincides with periods of 6 or more months of declining real gross domestic product (real GDP). REAL GDP (Billions of dollars) 2800 2700 2600 2500 2400 1955 1956 1957 YEAR 1958 1959 ?Businesses in the nation of Islandia have been accumulating cash because they have a pessimistic outlook of the national economy. Recent changes in the economic outlook of Islandia have caused business leaders to begin to invest some of their accumulated cash. Suppose that businesses in the country invest a total of $40 billion of this cash. Instructions: Enter a positive number to show an increase and a negative number to show a decrease. a. What would be the maximum expected change in GDP if Islandia's marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.75? $ billion b. Suppose that the recent economic outlook in the country of Mountainia has been the opposite. Businesses have postponed planned investments and have begun to accumulate cash. If businesses in Mountainia postpone $12 billion of their planned investments, what would be the maximum expected change in GDP if its marginal propensity to save (MPS) is 0.05? $ billionWhich of the following will most likely cause movement along the consumption function? a. A change in tastes b. A change in consumers’ expectations c. A change in interest rates d. A change in disposable income
- the current level of real GDP equals $9.000 billion, and there are no changes in the consumption function or in planned investment, then real GDP will In the next period( B) No Change is incorrect confused what the correct answer would be) a. rise b. remain unchanged C. fall, but only if there is an offsetting change in autonomous consumption d. fallThe fact that marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is larger than 0 means that a. Consumption will decrease following a decrease in current income b. Consumption will increase following a decrease current income c. Consumption will increase following a decrease in future income s. Consumption will decrease following as increase in current incomeWhich of the following components of consumption spending typically sees the largest decline in demand during a recession? automobiles food clothing housing
- A recession will occur if an economy’s actual GDP ____ its potential GDP. a. rises above b. equals c. grows faster than d. falls belowdescribe what is held constant along the consumption function.Compare and contrast the effect of expansion and recession on selected variables like output and employment.
- Exogenous changes in spending refer to changes in planned spending: O related to changes in output and changes in the real interest rate O related to changes in the real interest rate O unrelated to changes in output and changes in the real interest rate O related to changes in output1. Key facts about economic fluctuations The graph included below approximates United States business cycles between quarter one of 1947 and quarter three of 1951. The shaded region denotes periods of six or more consecutive months of declining real gross domestic product (real GDP). REAL GDP (Billions of dollars) 2170 2070 1970 1870 1770 1947 1948 1949 YEAR 1950 1951 ?For each of the following shocksidentify what component() of planned aggregate expenditure is/ are directly affected and in which direction . a. Tax rates increase . b. China experiences an economic boom . c. become more optimistic regarding their future prospects . d . Congress decides to increase funding for education . e. German fashion designs become popular among celebrities 10