The green shaded area represents the GHG emissions we can probably prevent by "conventional abatement technologies" (i.e., all efforts to reduce CO2 emission sources). These include: O Renewable energy electricity expansion Coal phase out Decarbonizing transport Decarbonizing industry O All of the above

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
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The green shaded area represents the GHG emissions we can probably prevent by "conventional abatement technologies" (i.e., all efforts to reduce CO2 emission sources). These include: (THE ANSWER IS NOT DECARBONIZING INDUSTRY)
The text provided appears to explain measures to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and presents several multiple-choice options to the reader. The content is likely part of an educational module on reducing CO₂ emissions. Here is the transcription suitable for an educational website:

---

**Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions**

The green shaded area represents the GHG emissions we can probably prevent by "conventional abatement technologies" (i.e., all efforts to reduce CO₂ emission sources). These technologies aim to minimize the environmental impact by targeting specific practices that contribute to GHG emissions.

Conventional abatement technologies include:

- **Renewable energy electricity expansion:** Implementing more sources of renewable energy such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.
- **Coal phase-out:** Gradually reducing and eventually eliminating the use of coal as an energy source.
- **Decarbonizing transport:** Reducing the carbon footprint of transportation methods by enhancing efficiency, using electric vehicles, and promoting public transportation.
- **Decarbonizing industry:** Implementing strategies to reduce CO₂ emissions within industrial processes.
- **All of the above:** Combining all the approaches listed to achieve a significant reduction in GHG emissions.

By selecting the most effective options, we can make considerable strides toward a sustainable future.

**Which of the following options is part of conventional abatement technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions?**

- [ ] Renewable energy electricity expansion
- [ ] Coal phase-out
- [ ] Decarbonizing transport
- [ ] Decarbonizing industry
- [ ] All of the above

*Selected option:* Decarbonizing industry

---

This transcription makes the content accessible and informative for an educational website, providing context for the multiple-choice question and its relevance to GHG emissions reduction.
Transcribed Image Text:The text provided appears to explain measures to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and presents several multiple-choice options to the reader. The content is likely part of an educational module on reducing CO₂ emissions. Here is the transcription suitable for an educational website: --- **Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions** The green shaded area represents the GHG emissions we can probably prevent by "conventional abatement technologies" (i.e., all efforts to reduce CO₂ emission sources). These technologies aim to minimize the environmental impact by targeting specific practices that contribute to GHG emissions. Conventional abatement technologies include: - **Renewable energy electricity expansion:** Implementing more sources of renewable energy such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. - **Coal phase-out:** Gradually reducing and eventually eliminating the use of coal as an energy source. - **Decarbonizing transport:** Reducing the carbon footprint of transportation methods by enhancing efficiency, using electric vehicles, and promoting public transportation. - **Decarbonizing industry:** Implementing strategies to reduce CO₂ emissions within industrial processes. - **All of the above:** Combining all the approaches listed to achieve a significant reduction in GHG emissions. By selecting the most effective options, we can make considerable strides toward a sustainable future. **Which of the following options is part of conventional abatement technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions?** - [ ] Renewable energy electricity expansion - [ ] Coal phase-out - [ ] Decarbonizing transport - [ ] Decarbonizing industry - [ ] All of the above *Selected option:* Decarbonizing industry --- This transcription makes the content accessible and informative for an educational website, providing context for the multiple-choice question and its relevance to GHG emissions reduction.
**Educational Content Transcription**

---

**Section: Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions**

---

**Graph Analysis:**

The top image presents a graph comparing the costs of various energy sources over time from 2010 to 2050, measured in 2020 USD/MWh. 

- **Fossil Fuel Cost Range**: Enclosed in a shaded area.
- **Solar Energy**: Represented by a red line that shows a decline in cost.
- **Wind Energy**: Represented by a green line also showing a cost decline.
- **Nuclear Energy**: Depicted by a purple line with costs decreasing significantly after 2030.
  
This graph demonstrates that renewable energy sources like wind and solar continue to decrease in cost and are projected to become more economical compared to fossil fuels.

---

**Text Interpretation:**

Despite cost declines in renewable energy, merely reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is not enough to limit global warming to 1.5°C.

---

**Visual Analysis: Figure 1**

The figure combines several critical elements to elucidate the need for carbon removal technologies:

- **Yellow Line**: Indicates net GHG emissions in a Business-as-Usual scenario (RCP6.0).
- **Red Line**: Represents the net GHG emissions required to limit warming to below 2°C by 2100.
- **Green Shaded Area**: Highlights GHG emissions reductions achievable through decarbonizing energy supply.
- **Beige Shaded Area**: Highlights GHG emissions from sources that are difficult to eliminate completely (e.g., certain industrial processes, aviation).
- **Blue Shaded Area**: Indicates the necessary reduction via carbon removal technologies or “negative emissions.”

To achieve net-zero GHG emissions by ~2090 (red line), actively removing CO2 from the atmosphere using carbon removal technologies is essential.

---

**Section 1.2: Mitigation – Carbon Dioxide Removal**

**Main Points:**

1. **Addressing the Root Cause**:
   - Tackles climate change by reducing greenhouse gases.
   - Can substantially reduce emissions.
   - Emphasizes Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) which falls under "negative emissions" technologies.
   
2. Delayed decarbonization escalates reliance on CDR.

**Further Details:**

- The longer decarbonization is delayed, the more it necessitates the use of CDR technologies to meet climate targets.
  
---

**
Transcribed Image Text:**Educational Content Transcription** --- **Section: Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions** --- **Graph Analysis:** The top image presents a graph comparing the costs of various energy sources over time from 2010 to 2050, measured in 2020 USD/MWh. - **Fossil Fuel Cost Range**: Enclosed in a shaded area. - **Solar Energy**: Represented by a red line that shows a decline in cost. - **Wind Energy**: Represented by a green line also showing a cost decline. - **Nuclear Energy**: Depicted by a purple line with costs decreasing significantly after 2030. This graph demonstrates that renewable energy sources like wind and solar continue to decrease in cost and are projected to become more economical compared to fossil fuels. --- **Text Interpretation:** Despite cost declines in renewable energy, merely reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is not enough to limit global warming to 1.5°C. --- **Visual Analysis: Figure 1** The figure combines several critical elements to elucidate the need for carbon removal technologies: - **Yellow Line**: Indicates net GHG emissions in a Business-as-Usual scenario (RCP6.0). - **Red Line**: Represents the net GHG emissions required to limit warming to below 2°C by 2100. - **Green Shaded Area**: Highlights GHG emissions reductions achievable through decarbonizing energy supply. - **Beige Shaded Area**: Highlights GHG emissions from sources that are difficult to eliminate completely (e.g., certain industrial processes, aviation). - **Blue Shaded Area**: Indicates the necessary reduction via carbon removal technologies or “negative emissions.” To achieve net-zero GHG emissions by ~2090 (red line), actively removing CO2 from the atmosphere using carbon removal technologies is essential. --- **Section 1.2: Mitigation – Carbon Dioxide Removal** **Main Points:** 1. **Addressing the Root Cause**: - Tackles climate change by reducing greenhouse gases. - Can substantially reduce emissions. - Emphasizes Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) which falls under "negative emissions" technologies. 2. Delayed decarbonization escalates reliance on CDR. **Further Details:** - The longer decarbonization is delayed, the more it necessitates the use of CDR technologies to meet climate targets. --- **
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