Nucleotides
It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.
The structure and geometry of large biomolecules like proteins is governed by the types of amino acids present in their polypeptide chain and the interaction between them, these can contain polar/hydrophillic groups or nonpolar/hydrophobic groups.
The primary structure of the protein is the chain of these amino acids connected by peptide bonds, followed by their secondary level of organization where these chains fold into α-helices and β-sheets, this folding occurs due to H2 bonds between carbon atoms of the backbone and the peptide bonds in the polypeptide chain. The tertiary level is of organization is the 3D structure determined by the folding of the secondary structures. The ultimate quaternary structure is how the proteins are arranged in a multisubunit system.
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