The genome of which of the following types of animal virus can act directly asMRNA?+SSRNA viruses-SSRNA virusesdsDNA virusesSSDNA viruses How is the entry (penetration) of an animal virus into its host cell similar ordifferent to the entry of a bacteriophage into its host cell?The entire viral particle (capsid and genome) can penetrate ananimal cell, while only the viral genome can penetrate a bacterialcell.There is no difference; the entire viral particle (capsid andgenome) penetrates both cell types.There is no difference; only the viral genome penetrates both celltypes.The viral genome can penetrate an animal cell, while the entireviral particle (capsid and genome) penetrates a bacterial cell.

A genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA. The genome includes both the genes and the noncoding DNA, as well as mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA. Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms (nucleus is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane) present in most of the habitats on earth. Bacteria are the first living organisms to develop on earth. A virus is a submicroscopic organism which contains genetic information either in the form of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (Ribonucleic acid), surrounded by a protein coat. A virus cannot replicate (form more copies of itself) outside host cells. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, like animals, plants and microorganisms like bacteria and archaea.The genome of which of the following types of animal virus can act directly as mRNA? Answer: +ssRNA virus Positive-strand RNA viruses (+ssRNA viruses) are a group of related viruses that have positive-sense, single-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. The positive-sense genome can act as messenger RNA (mRNA) and can be directly translated into viral proteins by the host cell's ribosomes. Positive-strand RNA viruses encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) which is used during replication of the genome to synthesize a negative-sense antigenome that is then used as a template to create a new positive-sense viral genome. Positive-sense RNA viruses account for a large fraction of known viruses, including many pathogens such as the hepacivirus C, West Nile virus, dengue virus, and the SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses, as well as less clinically serious pathogens such as the rhinoviruses that cause the common cold. How is the entry (penetration) of an animal virus into its host cell similar or different from the entry of bacteriophage into its host cell. Answer: The entire viral particle (capsid and genome) can penetrate an animal cell, while only the viral genome can penetrate a bacterial cell. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and take over their genetic machinery to make more of themselves. There are two ways a virus replicates using the bacteria as host, the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle. To infect bacteria, most bacteriophages employ a 'tail' that stabs and pierces the bacterium's membrane to allow the virus's genetic material to pass through. The most sophisticated tails consist of a contractile sheath surrounding a tube akin to a stretched coil spring at the nanoscale. Therefore only the genetic material (viral genome) can penetrate a bacterial cell. Once attached to a host cell, animal viruses may enter in a variety of ways: by endocytosis, where the membrane folds in; by making channels in the host membrane (through which DNA or RNA can be injected); or, for enveloped viruses, by fusing with the membrane and releasing the capsid inside of the cell. Therefore the entire virus enters the animal host cell.