The functional unit of the mammalian kidney is similar to a piece of dialysis tubing. Quantities of blood plasma that contain dilute amounts of the waste product urea are filtered into the nephron. The concentration of urea in the developing urine is increased by moving water from inside the nephron to the outside. Urea is a larger molecule than water, and unlike water, cannot pass through the membrane of the nephron. Imagine you have been given a piece of dialysis tubing that simulates the nephron membrane, a dilute solution of urea in water, and a beaker of salt water. Applying the concepts and methods used in this investigation, describe how you could concentrate the dilute solution of urea. You can use a drawing to help explain your ideas.

The functional unit of the mammalian kidney is similar to a piece of dialysis tubing. Quantities of blood plasma that contain dilute amounts of the waste product urea are filtered into the nephron. The concentration of urea in the developing urine is increased by moving water from inside the nephron to the outside. Urea is a larger molecule than water, and unlike water, cannot pass through the membrane of the nephron. Imagine you have been given a piece of dialysis tubing that simulates the nephron membrane, a dilute solution of urea in water, and a beaker of salt water. Applying the concepts and methods used in this investigation, describe how you could concentrate the dilute solution of urea. You can use a drawing to help explain your ideas.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

What does the hormone ADH (vasopressin) do to the nephrons in the kidney? 1-ADH constricts the renal tubules so that less fluid is excreted 2-ADH results in dehydration of the arterial blood 3-ADH constricts the renal tubules so that more fluid is excreted 4-ADH results in the addition of aquaporins in cells at specific regions of the nephron
A scientist interested in studying aquaporins plans to examine the different parts of mammalian nephrons in which large numbers of aquaporins can be found. This researcher would NOT choose to examine the…
Which of the following best describes the changes between dilute (osmolarity 50mOsm/Kg) andconcentrated urine (osmolarity 1200mOsm/Kg)? a. Concentrated urine has more water than NaCl moleculesb. Concentrated urine has less water than NaCl moleculesc. Dilute urine has more NaCl than water moleculesd. Dilute urine has less water than NaCl molecules
Renal Physiology (human) The foot processes of podocytes surround the peritubular capillaries of both cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons. Vasa recta are long, straight blood vessels associated with juxtamedullary nephrons. Canagliflozin is a therapeutic drug that acts on the collecting duct to decrease glucose reabsorption.
Thiazide diuretics are a type of drug that act on the sodium transport pump in the distal convoluted tubule, used to treat hypertension and edema. They inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption by blocking this transporter. Based on your understanding, describe the effects this would have in the relevant structures and functions inside the nephron , the effect it would have on the resulting urine output , and the effect this would have on the blood throughout the body . Use specific terms and structures discussed in class in your answer.
The given data infers hypernatremia which indicates kidney problems or water imbalance in the body. Hypernatremia describes the conditions when the sodium in the blood is in excess amount. To cope with the sodium, the kidneys have to work for extra time; And this excess sodium could be removed only with water, so excess urination is observed. Now since water/fluid is lost by urination so to compensate for it the body sends signals of thirst and so the person feels increased thirst. This is why the patient complains of polyurea and polydipsia. Also, the low potassium levels and increased sodium levels indicate water imbalance If not treated, this may result in a higher risk of diseases such as stroke and hypertension. Can you suggest treatment for this situation please?
Vasopressin is a hormone that is mainly released when the body lacks water. The release of vasopressin causes the kidneys to conserve water by concentrating urine and decreasing urine output. However, vasopressin also has additional functions in other tissues such as the brain and blood vessels, which are not directly involved in urine production. How might vasopressin trigger different responses in different tissues?
The loop of Henle in the mammalian renal tubule…
45, The thick ascending limb of nephron loop: Multiple Choice has many aquaporins that allow the osmosis of water into the salty medullary fluid maintains an osmotic gradient by pumping Na+ and Cl- from the interstitial fluid into the epithelial cell uses a cotransporter to bring Na+, K+ and Cl- from the tubular fluid into the epithelial cell uses a Na/K/Cl exchanger to move Na+ and Cl- from the epithelial cell into the interstitial fluid
Which molecules are responsible for the high osmolarity of the renal medulla in the mammalian kidney? "Na+, Cl-, and K+" "urea, uric acid, and Na+" "Na+, Cl-, and urea" "uric acid, urea, and amonia"
The kidneys of different species of amniotes differ widely in their ability to concentrate the urine. What determines the maximum osmolarity of the urine an animal's kidney can produce? Explain why. (not to long)
The principle of dialysis is employed in artificial kidneys. How do you think this dialysis works?