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The front end of a typical crude oil refinery is illustrated in the BFD shown below. Crude oil, after desalting, is sent to the main fractionating column which operates at a pressure of 1.5 streams are taken from the column, each side stream or "cut" has a characteristic boiling point range. As we move toward the bottom, the cuts become heavier, and the corresponding boiling points of the streams become higher. The material that leaves the bottom of the 2.0 bar. Many side < 40°C main fractionator is called Light Gases atmospheric residuum. This stream is further treated in a 40 -195°C Gasoline Cut second column that operates at a relatively high vacuum (top pressure may be as low as 0.027 bar) Why does this second column operates at such a low pressure? 195-275°C Diesel Cut Crude oil 275-340°C Desalter Heavy Gas Oil Vacuum Gas Oil 340-540°C > 340°c Atmospheric Residuum > 540°C Vacuum Residuum Main Fractionator Vacuum Column

The front end of a typical crude oil refinery is illustrated in the BFD shown below. Crude oil, after desalting, is sent to the main fractionating column which operates at a pressure of 1.5 streams are taken from the column, each side stream or "cut" has a characteristic boiling point range. As we move toward the bottom, the cuts become heavier, and the corresponding boiling points of the streams become higher. The material that leaves the bottom of the 2.0 bar. Many side < 40°C main fractionator is called Light Gases atmospheric residuum. This stream is further treated in a 40 -195°C Gasoline Cut second column that operates at a relatively high vacuum (top pressure may be as low as 0.027 bar) Why does this second column operates at such a low pressure? 195-275°C Diesel Cut Crude oil 275-340°C Desalter Heavy Gas Oil Vacuum Gas Oil 340-540°C > 340°c Atmospheric Residuum > 540°C Vacuum Residuum Main Fractionator Vacuum Column

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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The front end of a typical crude oil refinery is illustrated in the BFD shown below. Crude oil, after desalting, is sent to the main fractionating column which operates at a pressure of 1.5 - 2.0 bar. Many side streams are taken from the column, each side stream or "cut" has a characteristic boiling point range. As we move toward the bottom, the cuts become heavier, and the corresponding boiling points of the streams become higher. The material that leaves the bottom of the 1. < 40°C main fractionator is called Light Gases atmospheric residuum. This stream is further treated in a second column that operates at a relatively high vacuum (top pressure may be as low as 0.027 bar) Why does this second column operates at such a low pressure? 40 -195°C Gasoline Cut 195-275°C Diesel Cut Crude oil 275-340°C Desalter Heavy Gas Oil Vacuum Gas Oil 340-540°C > 340°c Atmospheric Residuum > 540°C Vacuum Residuum Main Fractionator Vacuum Column
Transcribed Image Text:The front end of a typical crude oil refinery is illustrated in the BFD shown below. Crude oil, after desalting, is sent to the main fractionating column which operates at a pressure of 1.5 - 2.0 bar. Many side streams are taken from the column, each side stream or "cut" has a characteristic boiling point range. As we move toward the bottom, the cuts become heavier, and the corresponding boiling points of the streams become higher. The material that leaves the bottom of the 1. < 40°C main fractionator is called Light Gases atmospheric residuum. This stream is further treated in a second column that operates at a relatively high vacuum (top pressure may be as low as 0.027 bar) Why does this second column operates at such a low pressure? 40 -195°C Gasoline Cut 195-275°C Diesel Cut Crude oil 275-340°C Desalter Heavy Gas Oil Vacuum Gas Oil 340-540°C > 340°c Atmospheric Residuum > 540°C Vacuum Residuum Main Fractionator Vacuum Column
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