The foundation of formal methods is sound reasoning. Propositional logic and Predicate Logic are the two most popular logics in terms of their core concepts. An undergraduate who studied discrete mathematics wants to know how propositional and predicate logics are put to use in the field of software quality assurance. This mission asks you to help a pupil. One such direction would be to compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of each logic and their application to software testing. How should formal verification of software be accomplished, and which logic is most suited for this purpose?

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A: Answer:

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A: Logic diagram:-

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Problems on Turing Machines

In the computational world, the Turing machine is a powerful computation engine. The invention of the Turing Machine is done by Alan Turing in 1936. A Turing Machine (TM) is a diagrammatic model of a fictional computer. It determines an output from a set of input variables using a pre-defined set of rules. It is used to get around the limitations of finite automata and pushdown automata.