The following trial balance was prepared from the ledger accounts of Singapore Enterprises, a service business. Trial Balance as at 31 December 2018 Debit $ Credit $ Cash at bank 3,360 Bank overdraft 6,120 Prepaid rent 5,400 Office equipment and fittings 224,400 Accumulated depreciation - office equipment 36,000 Accounts payable 23,520 GST payable 4,440 Accounts receivable 39,600 Income earned 294,000 Salaries expense 114,000 Internet expense
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
The following
Trial Balance as at 31 December 2018
|
|
Debit $ |
Credit $ |
|
Cash at bank |
3,360 |
|
|
Bank overdraft |
|
6,120 |
|
Prepaid rent |
5,400 |
|
|
Office equipment and fittings |
224,400 |
|
|
|
|
36,000 |
|
Accounts payable |
|
23,520 |
|
GST payable |
|
4,440 |
|
|
39,600 |
|
|
Income earned |
|
294,000 |
|
Salaries expense |
114,000 |
|
|
Internet expense |
600 |
|
|
Utilities expenses |
21,600 |
|
|
Administrative expenses |
18,000 |
|
|
Interest expense |
14,400 |
|
|
Capital – 1 January 2016 |
|
113,280 |
|
Drawings |
36,000 |
|
|
|
477,360 |
477,360 |
Adjustments:
- Rent expired for the year was $2,800.
- Depreciation of office equipment is at 12.5% per annum using the straight-line method.
- Salaries owing at 31 December 2016 were $3,500.
Required:
- Prepare general
journal entries for the balance day adjustments. Narrations are not required. - Prepare the worksheet for the year ended 31 December 2018.
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