The following trial balance extracts (i.e. it is not a complete trial balance) relate to Adongo as at 30 June 2015: GHC’000 GHC’000 Revenue (note (i) 113,500 cost of sales 88,500 esearch and development costs (note (ii)) 7,800 Distribution costs 3,600 Administrative expenses (note (iv)) 6,800 Loan note interest and dividends paid (notes (iv) and (vii)) 5,000 Investment income 300 Equity shares of GHC1 each (note (vii)) 30,000 5% loan note (note (iv)) 20,000 Retained earnings as at 1 July 2014 6,200 Revaluation surplus as at 1 July 2014 3,000 Other components of equity 9,300 Property at valuation 1 July 2014 (note (iii)) 28,500 Plant and equipment at cost (note (iii)) 27,100Accumulated depreciation plant and equipment 1 July 2014 9,100 Financial asset equity investments at fair value 1 July 2014 (note (v)) 8,800 The following notes are relevant: (i) Revenue includes a GHC3 million sale made on 1 January 2015 of maturing goods which are not biological assets. The carrying amount of these goods at the date of sale was GHC2 million. Adongo is still in possession of the goods (but they have not been included in the inventory count) and has an unexercised option to repurchase them at any time in the next three years. In three years’ time the goods are expected to be worth GHC5 million. The repurchase price will be the original selling price plus interest at 10% per annum from the date of sale to the date of repurchase. (ii) Adongo commenced a research and development project on 1 January 2015. It spent GHC1 million per month on research until 31 March 2015, at which date the project passed into the development stage. From this date it spent GHC1·6 million per month until the year end (30 June 2015), at which date development was completed. However, it was not until 1 May 2015 that the directors of Adongo were confident that the new product would be a commercial success. Expensed research and development costs should be charged to cost of sales. (iii) Non-current assets: Adongo’s property is carried at fair value which at 30 June 2015 was GHC29 million. The remaining life of the property at the beginning of the year (1 July 2014) was 15 years. Adongo does not make an annual transfer to retained earnings in respect of the revaluation surplus. Ignore deferred tax on the revaluation. Plant and equipment is depreciated at 15% per annum using the reducing balance method. No depreciation has yet been charged on any non-current asset for the year ended 30 June 2015. All depreciation is charged to cost of sales. (iv) The 5% loan note was issued on 1 July 2014 at its nominal value of GHC20 million incurring direct issue costs of GHC500,000 which have been charged to administrative expenses. The loan note will be redeemed after three years at a premium which gives the loan note an effective finance cost of 8% per annum. Annual interest was paid on 30 June 2015. (v) At 30 June 2015, the financial asset equity investments had a fair value of GHC9·6 million. There were no acquisitions or disposals of these investments during the year. (vi) A provision for current tax for the year ended 30 June 2015 of GHC1·2 million is required, together with an increase to the deferred tax provision to be charged to profit or loss of GHC800,000. (vii) Adongo paid a dividend of 20 cents per share on 30 March 2015, which was followed the day after by an issue of 10 million equity shares at their full market value of GHC1·70. The share premium on the issue was recorded in other components of equity. Required: (a) Prepare the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for Adongo for the year ended 30 June 2015. and Prepare the statement of changes in equity for Adongo for the year ended 30 June 2015.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
The following
GHC’000 GHC’000
Revenue (note (i) 113,500 cost of sales 88,500 esearch and development costs (note (ii)) 7,800
Distribution costs 3,600
Administrative expenses (note (iv)) 6,800
Loan note interest and dividends paid (notes (iv) and (vii)) 5,000
Investment income 300
Equity shares of GHC1 each (note (vii)) 30,000 5% loan note (note (iv)) 20,000
Plant and equipment at cost (note (iii)) 27,100Accumulated depreciation plant and equipment 1 July 2014 9,100
Financial asset equity investments at fair value 1 July 2014 (note (v)) 8,800
The following notes are relevant:
(i) Revenue includes a GHC3 million sale made on 1 January 2015 of maturing goods which are not biological assets. The carrying amount of these goods at the date of sale was GHC2 million. Adongo is still in possession of the goods (but they have not been included in the inventory count) and has an unexercised option to repurchase them at any time in the next three years. In three years’ time the goods are expected to be worth GHC5 million. The repurchase price will be the original selling price plus interest at 10% per annum from the date of sale to the date of repurchase.
(ii) Adongo commenced a research and development project on 1 January 2015. It spent GHC1 million per month on research until 31 March 2015, at which date the project passed into the development stage. From this date it spent GHC1·6 million per month until the year end (30 June 2015), at which date development was completed. However, it was not until 1 May 2015 that the directors of Adongo were confident that the new product would be a commercial success.
Expensed research and development costs should be charged to cost of sales.
(iii) Non-current assets:
Adongo’s property is carried at fair value which at 30 June 2015 was GHC29 million. The remaining life of the property at the beginning of the year (1 July 2014) was 15 years. Adongo does not make an annual transfer to retained earnings in respect of the revaluation surplus. Ignore
(iv) The 5% loan note was issued on 1 July 2014 at its nominal value of GHC20 million incurring direct issue costs of GHC500,000 which have been charged to administrative expenses. The loan note will be redeemed after three years at a premium which gives the loan note an effective finance cost of 8% per annum. Annual interest was paid on 30 June 2015.
(v) At 30 June 2015, the financial asset equity investments had a fair value of GHC9·6 million. There were no acquisitions or disposals of these investments during the year.
(vi) A provision for current tax for the year ended 30 June 2015 of GHC1·2 million is required, together with an increase to the deferred tax provision to be charged to profit or loss of GHC800,000.
(vii) Adongo paid a dividend of 20 cents per share on 30 March 2015, which was followed the day after by an issue of 10 million equity shares at their full market value of GHC1·70. The share premium on the issue was recorded in other components of equity.
Required:
(a) Prepare the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for Adongo for the year ended 30 June 2015. and Prepare the statement of changes in equity for Adongo for the year ended 30 June 2015.
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
