The following tables show the frequency and relative frequencies of passenger car and light truck occupant fatalities in California and Connecticut by restraint use in 2017. Source: FARS 2017 ARF Table 1: Frequency Table A в Restraints No Restraints c California D Connecticut 1207 600 1807 82 51 133 1289 651 1940 Table 2: Relative Frequencies Table A в Restraints No Restraints c California D Connecticut 0.622 0.309 0.931 0.042 0.026 0.069 0.664 0.336 1.000 a. Using table 1, identify all mutually exclusive events. b. Identify two events that intersect. c. Using table 1, how many accident victims were in the category described by the following? i. (A and A') ii. (A or C)
Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known as the expectation, is denoted by: E(X).
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosing a card. Each of these events has multiple possibilities. Every such possibility is measured with the help of probability. To be more precise, the probability is used for calculating the occurrence of events that may or may not happen. Probability does not give sure results. Unless the probability of any event is 1, the different outcomes may or may not happen in real life, regardless of how less or how more their probability is.
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the probability value 1 indicates that the event will occur. Sum of the probability value must be 1. The probability value is never a negative number. If it happens, then recheck the calculation.
The following tables show the frequency and relative frequencies of passenger car and light truck occupant fatalities in California and Connecticut by restraint use in 2017. Source: FARS 2017 ARF
a. Using table 1, identify all mutually exclusive
b. Identify two events that intersect.
c. Using table 1, how many accident victims were in the category described by the
following?
i. (A and A’) ii. (A or C)
d. Draw a Venn diagram that summarizes the information in this table.
e. Using table 2, find the following probabilities:
i. P (A or C) ii. P (A’ and D)
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