The following table shows the results of a survey of authors by a (fictitious) publishing company. HINT [See Example 5.] New Established Total Authors Authors Successful 9. 23 32 Unsuccessful 14 54 68 Total 23 77 100 Consider the following events: S: an author is successful; U: an author is unsuccessful; N: an author is new; and E: an author is established. Describe the event U U E'in words. O This is the event that an author is either successful or established. O This is the event that an author is unsuccessful and not established. O This is the event that an author is either successful or not established. O This is the event that an author is either unsuccessful or not established. O This is the event that an author is unsuccessful and established. Find the number of elements it contains. authors
Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known as the expectation, is denoted by: E(X).
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosing a card. Each of these events has multiple possibilities. Every such possibility is measured with the help of probability. To be more precise, the probability is used for calculating the occurrence of events that may or may not happen. Probability does not give sure results. Unless the probability of any event is 1, the different outcomes may or may not happen in real life, regardless of how less or how more their probability is.
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the probability value 1 indicates that the event will occur. Sum of the probability value must be 1. The probability value is never a negative number. If it happens, then recheck the calculation.
![The following table shows the results of a survey of authors by a (fictitious) publishing company. HINT [See Example 5.]
Established
Authors
New
Total
Authors
Successful
9.
23
32
Unsuccessful
14
54
68
Total
23
77
100
Consider the following events: S: an author is successful; U: an author is unsuccessful; N: an author is new; and E: an author is established.
Describe the event U U E' in words.
O This is the event that an author is either successful or established.
O This is the event that an author is unsuccessful and not established.
This is the event that an author is either successful or not established.
O This is the event that an author is either unsuccessful or not established.
O This is the event that an author is unsuccessful and established.
Find the number of elements it contains.
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