The following schedule relates the income statement with cash flows from operating activities, derived by both the direct and indirect methods. Some elements necessary to complete the schedule are missing. Required: Complete the schedule by determining each of the following missing elements: (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign.) Income Statement Sales Gain on sale of equipment Cost of goods sold Salaries expense Depreciation expense Interest expense Insurance expense Loss on sale of land Income tax expense Net Income Cash flows from Operating Activities Indirect Method Net income Adjustments: $ 432 Decrease in accounts receivable 36 Gain on sale of equipment Increase in inventory Increase in accounts payable (66) (21) Depreciation expense Decrease in bond discount (45) Decrease in prepaid insurance (18) Loss on sale of land (51) Increase in income tax payable Net cash flows from operating activities Direct Method 18 Cash received from customers (36) (Not reported-no cash effect) (24) 30 Cash paid to suppliers 18 Cash paid to employees 21 Cash paid for depreciation 8 Cash paid for interest 21 Cash paid for insurance 18 (Not reported-no cash effect) Cash paid for income taxes $ 138 Net cash flows from operating activities (186) (48) (21) (33) $ 138
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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