The following readings were taken with a level and 4 m staff. Draw up a level book page and reduce the levels by the height of instrument method and Rise and Fall Instrument. STA B.S I.S. F.S. H.J. R.L. BM1 0.74 101.75 0.89 2 1.765 2.17 CP1 0.375 2.95 1 1.888 2 1.181 СРЗ 0.474 2.07 1.177 1.217 СР4 0.617 3.125 1 0.67 2 0.704 BM2 1.74 Σ

Q: Determine: (a) The probable error of the mean in Taping Operation 1. (b) The probable error of the…

A:

Q: 1.932 1.930 1.920 1.910 1.900 With reference to the figure above, the leveling rod reading equals: O…

A: The levelling rod reading equals to  1.932

Q: Q#1: A profile levelling is carried out and consecutive readings were observed on staff rod along a…

A: Using the following formulae: RL+BS=HI HI-(IS/FS)=RL BS-IS=Rise/Fall Previous RL±Rise/Fall=Next RL

Q: 6 m B 60 kN A 5 m D 60 kN C 5 m F 160 kN E 5 m G

A:

Q: The following staff readings were observed successively with a level. The instrument has been…

A: The objective of the question is to calculate the Reduced Level (RL) of all points using the plane…

Errors in surveying

An error in surveying is defined as the difference between two or more values of an identical quantity. However, the estimates are never accurate and there will always be a degree of variability regardless of the research tool or method used. These differences are known as errors that need to be reduced or eliminated to maintain certain levels of accuracy. Even if you carefully follow the prescribed test procedures, the considerations may contain errors.