The following readings were taken using an Autolevel on an uneven field. The instrument is shifted after the fourth and eighth reading. The permanent bench mark is given as (N) m. The readings are shown below: 2.375, 1.730, 0.615, 3.450, 2.835, 2.070, 1.835, 0.985, 0.435, 1.630, 2.255 and 3.630 m. Find the R.L of all points using Height of Instrument Method and apply necessary checks. For example if your ID is 14462961 ID last 6 numbers N = 462.961

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Errors in surveying

An error in surveying is defined as the difference between two or more values of an identical quantity. However, the estimates are never accurate and there will always be a degree of variability regardless of the research tool or method used. These differences are known as errors that need to be reduced or eliminated to maintain certain levels of accuracy. Even if you carefully follow the prescribed test procedures, the considerations may contain errors.