The following perpendicular offsets (in m) were taken at 5 m interval from a traverse line to an irregular boundary line: 2.10, 3.15, 4.50, 3.60, 4.58, 7.85, 6.45, 4.65, 3.14. Compute the area enclosed between the traverse line and irregular boundary by Trapezoidal rule and Simpson's rule in hectares.

Q: Compute L, T, E, M, LC, R, and stations of the PC and PT for the highway curve with D,-400,…

A:

Q: Why double meridian distance method is useful?

A: Solution: The use of double meridian distance method is to determine the area of closed traverse .…

Q: Convert from DMS to decimal degrees: 224°16’34’’ 20°54’57’’

A: 1 Degree = 60 minutes 1 minute = 60 secondshence, 1 degree = 60×60 = 3600 sec

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A: Surveying is precisely measuring and mapping land, often for construction or mapping purposes.…

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Q: 1. Explain methods of surveying?

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Q: The following statements about vertical curves is TRUE, except? O A. The value of the algebraic…

A: - A. Sag curves, where change in grade is positive for example valleys. On other hand, crest curves…

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Q: 1 / 2 \text { inch } \times 1 / 4

A: To find:- 1/2*1/4

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Control Survey and Geodetic reductions

Control surveys or survey controls are used to establish reference points as a basis for various construction activities. Vertical and horizontal control points are to be established in a control survey to increase accuracy. After establishing the control points, all other types of surveys such as topographic, right-of-way, aerial mapping, construction layout, boundary surveys, and utility mapping can be worked upon so that control networks can be formed. The place from which the observations are made is called a survey station.