The following observations were taken in reciprocal levelling. Staff reading at Instrument at A B A 1.625 0.725 B 2.545 1.405 Determine the R.L. of B if that of A is 100.105. Also calculate the angular error in collimation if the distance between A and B is 1000 m.

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A: When instrument is near A, denote backsight reading on A as a1 and foresight reading on b as b1.…

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Q: The combined correction due to curvature and refraction (in m) for distance of 1 km on the surface…

A: Given data: Distance, D = 1 m (on the surface of earth).

Q: Find out the deflection angles from the following observations Lines AB BC Bearing N 42° 20' E N 30°…

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State Plane Coordinate Systems

The state plane coordinate system (SPCS or SPS) is a collection of 124 coordinate systems or geographic zones prepared for particular regions of the U.S. Every state consists of one or more than one state plane zone, the boundaries of which generally follow the county lines. Inside the U.S., there are 110 zones in total, 10 more zones in Alaska, 5 in Hawaii, and 1 for Puerto Rico and US Virgin islands. The system is extensively used for geospatial and geographic data assembling by the state and local governments.