The following observations have been made about a cer- tain reacting system: (i) When A, B, and C are mixed at about equal concentrations in neutral solution, two differ- ent products are formed, D and E, with the amount of D about 10 times as great as the amount of E. (ii) If every- thing is done as in (i) except that a trace of acid is added to the reaction mixture, the same products are formed, except that now the amount of D produced is much smaller than (about 1% of) the amount of E. The acid is not consumed in the reaction. The following mechanism has been proposed to account for some of these observa- tions and others about the order of the reactions: (1) A + B 2 F (rapid equilibrium) k-1 ke (2) C + F → D (negligible reverse rate) ks (3) C + F E (negligible reverse rate) (a) Explain what this proposed scheme of reactions implies about the dependence (if any) of the rate of formation of D on the concentrations of A, of B, and of C. What about the dependence (if any) of the rate of formation of E on these same concentrations? (b) What can you say about the relative magnitudes of k, and k3? (c) What explanation can you give for observation (ii) in view of your answer to (b)?

The following observations have been made about a cer- tain reacting system: (i) When A, B, and C are mixed at about equal concentrations in neutral solution, two differ- ent products are formed, D and E, with the amount of D about 10 times as great as the amount of E. (ii) If every- thing is done as in (i) except that a trace of acid is added to the reaction mixture, the same products are formed, except that now the amount of D produced is much smaller than (about 1% of) the amount of E. The acid is not consumed in the reaction. The following mechanism has been proposed to account for some of these observa- tions and others about the order of the reactions: (1) A + B 2 F (rapid equilibrium) k-1 ke (2) C + F → D (negligible reverse rate) ks (3) C + F E (negligible reverse rate) (a) Explain what this proposed scheme of reactions implies about the dependence (if any) of the rate of formation of D on the concentrations of A, of B, and of C. What about the dependence (if any) of the rate of formation of E on these same concentrations? (b) What can you say about the relative magnitudes of k, and k3? (c) What explanation can you give for observation (ii) in view of your answer to (b)?

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Alkali metals are often used to remove traces of water from organic solvents, such as diethyl ether. Because the reaction (see below) releases heat, care must be taken to make sure that the solvent does not "boil over". 2 Na(s) + 2 H₂O(1) ➜ 2 NaOH(aq) + H₂(g) a) Determine the standard enthalpy change for this reaction. Comment on the relative strength of bonding and/or interactions in the products vs reactants, and briefly explain how you decided this. Substance Na(s) H₂O(1) NaOH(aq) H₂(g) AHºf (kJ/mol) 0 -285.83 -469.15 0 b) How much heat (in kJ) is released via the reaction of 1.00 g of sodium metal with water? If this much heat is released into 275 g of diethyl ether initially at 25°C, will the solvent reach its boiling point? If so, how many grams of the ether will evaporate? Show calculations to support your answer. For diethyl ether: Cs = 2.51 J/g⋅K, b.p. = 35°C, heat of vaporization = 377 J/g.
Give detailed Solution with explanation (no need Handwritten answer
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