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The following numbers are the ratios of second ionization en- ergy to first ionization energy: Na: 9.2 Mg: 2.0 Al: 3.1 Si: 2.0 P: 1.8 S: 2.3 Cl: Cl: 1.8 Ar: 1.8 Explain these relative numbers.

The following numbers are the ratios of second ionization en- ergy to first ionization energy: Na: 9.2 Mg: 2.0 Al: 3.1 Si: 2.0 P: 1.8 S: 2.3 Cl: Cl: 1.8 Ar: 1.8 Explain these relative numbers.

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**Ionization Energy Ratios of Elements** The following numbers represent the ratios of second ionization energy to first ionization energy for each element: - **Na (Sodium):** 9.2 - **Mg (Magnesium):** 2.0 - **Al (Aluminum):** 3.1 - **Si (Silicon):** 2.0 - **P (Phosphorus):** 1.8 - **S (Sulfur):** 2.3 - **Cl (Chlorine):** 1.8 - **Ar (Argon):** 1.8 **Explanation of Relative Numbers:** These ratios indicate the relative difficulty of removing the second electron compared to the first. A higher ratio suggests a significantly higher energy requirement to remove the second electron, often due to the change in electron configuration, such as achieving a stable noble gas configuration after the first ionization in the case of Sodium (Na). In contrast, lower ratios indicate a relatively smaller increase in difficulty. Understanding these patterns helps in grasping the underlying electronic structures and stability of different elements upon ionization.
Transcribed Image Text:**Ionization Energy Ratios of Elements** The following numbers represent the ratios of second ionization energy to first ionization energy for each element: - **Na (Sodium):** 9.2 - **Mg (Magnesium):** 2.0 - **Al (Aluminum):** 3.1 - **Si (Silicon):** 2.0 - **P (Phosphorus):** 1.8 - **S (Sulfur):** 2.3 - **Cl (Chlorine):** 1.8 - **Ar (Argon):** 1.8 **Explanation of Relative Numbers:** These ratios indicate the relative difficulty of removing the second electron compared to the first. A higher ratio suggests a significantly higher energy requirement to remove the second electron, often due to the change in electron configuration, such as achieving a stable noble gas configuration after the first ionization in the case of Sodium (Na). In contrast, lower ratios indicate a relatively smaller increase in difficulty. Understanding these patterns helps in grasping the underlying electronic structures and stability of different elements upon ionization.
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