**Ionization Energy Ratios of Elements**The following numbers represent the ratios of second ionization energy to first ionization energy for each element:- **Na (Sodium):** 9.2- **Mg (Magnesium):** 2.0- **Al (Aluminum):** 3.1- **Si (Silicon):** 2.0- **P (Phosphorus):** 1.8- **S (Sulfur):** 2.3- **Cl (Chlorine):** 1.8- **Ar (Argon):** 1.8**Explanation of Relative Numbers:**These ratios indicate the relative difficulty of removing the second electron compared to the first. A higher ratio suggests a significantly higher energy requirement to remove the second electron, often due to the change in electron configuration, such as achieving a stable noble gas configuration after the first ionization in the case of Sodium (Na). In contrast, lower ratios indicate a relatively smaller increase in difficulty.Understanding these patterns helps in grasping the underlying electronic structures and stability of different elements upon ionization.

The minimum amount of energy required to eject valence electron of atom or molecule is known as…

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The following numbers are the ratios of second ionization en- ergy to first ionization energy: Na: 9.2 Mg: 2.0 Al: 3.1 Si: 2.0 P: 1.8 S: 2.3 Cl: Cl: 1.8 Ar: 1.8 Explain these relative numbers.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Question

**Ionization Energy Ratios of Elements**

The following numbers represent the ratios of second ionization energy to first ionization energy for each element:

- **Na (Sodium):** 9.2
- **Mg (Magnesium):** 2.0
- **Al (Aluminum):** 3.1
- **Si (Silicon):** 2.0
- **P (Phosphorus):** 1.8
- **S (Sulfur):** 2.3
- **Cl (Chlorine):** 1.8
- **Ar (Argon):** 1.8

**Explanation of Relative Numbers:**

These ratios indicate the relative difficulty of removing the second electron compared to the first. A higher ratio suggests a significantly higher energy requirement to remove the second electron, often due to the change in electron configuration, such as achieving a stable noble gas configuration after the first ionization in the case of Sodium (Na). In contrast, lower ratios indicate a relatively smaller increase in difficulty.

Understanding these patterns helps in grasping the underlying electronic structures and stability of different elements upon ionization.

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