The following is the strategy in modern synthesis of indigo dye in industry. A, formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide converted into N-phenylglycinonitrile at 85 ° Hydrolysis takes place in aqueous alkali at 100 °C. The sodamide for the next stage is obtained by passing ammonia over molten sodium. The dried salt of phenylglycine (B) is dissolved in a eutectic, and therefore stirrable, mixture of sodium and potassium hydroxides at 220 °C and portions of molten sodamide are added. The reaction leads to sodium indoxylate, which undergoes oxidative hydrolysis to give indigo (yield of 84 %). CN NaOH/KOH A+CH₂O + HCN B + NH3 85 °C H₂O 100 °C 2 NaNH. NaOH/KOH 220 °C ONa NNa H₂0.0₂ 80-90 °C

The following is the strategy in modern synthesis of indigo dye in industry. A, formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide converted into N-phenylglycinonitrile at 85 ° Hydrolysis takes place in aqueous alkali at 100 °C. The sodamide for the next stage is obtained by passing ammonia over molten sodium. The dried salt of phenylglycine (B) is dissolved in a eutectic, and therefore stirrable, mixture of sodium and potassium hydroxides at 220 °C and portions of molten sodamide are added. The reaction leads to sodium indoxylate, which undergoes oxidative hydrolysis to give indigo (yield of 84 %). CN NaOH/KOH A+CH₂O + HCN B + NH3 85 °C H₂O 100 °C 2 NaNH. NaOH/KOH 220 °C ONa NNa H₂0.0₂ 80-90 °C

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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NMR Spectroscopy

NMR stands for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in which the study of different molecules is done based on the interaction of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations with the nuclei of molecules placed in a strong magnetic field. A precise study of spectra of visible light and all bands of electromagnetic radiation is called spectroscopy.

Question

The following is the strategy in modern synthesis of indigo dye in industry.
A, formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide converted into N-phenylglycinonitrile at 85 °C.
Hydrolysis takes place in aqueous alkali at 100 °C.
The sodamide for the next stage is obtained by passing ammonia over molten sodium.
The dried salt of phenylglycine (B) is dissolved in a eutectic, and therefore stirrable,
mixture of sodium and potassium hydroxides at 220 °C and portions of molten sodamide
are added. The reaction leads to sodium indoxylate, which undergoes oxidative hydrolysis
to give indigo (yield of 84 %).
CN NaOH/KOH
A+CH₂O + HCN
B + NH3
85 °C
H₂O
100 °C
2 NaNH.
NaOH/KOH
220 °C
ONa
NNa
H₂0.0₂
80-90 °C

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