The following is the ending balances of accounts at December 31, 2018 for the Valley Pump Corporation. Account Title Cash Accounts receivable Inventories Interest payable Marketable securities Land: Buildings Accumulated depreciation-buildings Equipment Accumulated depreciation-equipment Copyright (net of amortization) Prepaid expenses (next 12 months) Accounts payable Deferred revenues (next 12 months) Notes payable Allowance for uncollectible accounts Common stock Retained earnings Totals Additional information: Debits 38,000 82,000 107,000 70,000 146,000 365,000 101,000 25,000 45,000 Credits 23,000 113,000 38,000 78,000 33,000 315,000 8,000 330,000 41,000 979,000 979,000 1. The $145,000 balance in the land account consists of $113,000 for the cost of land where the plant and office buildings are located. The remaining $33,000 represents the cost of land being held for speculation. 2. The $70,000 in the marketable securities account represents an investment in the common stock of another corporation. Valley intends to sell one-half of the stock within the next year. 3. The notes payable account consists of a $126,000 note due in six months and a $189,000 note due in three annual installments of $63,000 each, with the first payment due in August of 2019.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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