Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
Related questions
Concept explainers
Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
Metabolic pathways allude to the arrangement of chemical catalyzed reactions that lead to the transformation of a substance into the final product. Metabolic pathways incorporate a progression of reaction where the substrate is changed continuously and the transitional metabolites are persistently recovered.
Glucogenesis
Glucogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is produced from carbon substrates that are not carbohydrates. This process is observed in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and other micro organisms. The general definition for glucogenesis or gluconeogenesis is as follows,
Question
100%
![**The following is an example of a(n) ____________ reaction:**
\[ \text{HC(OH) + NADH} \xrightarrow{\text{CR}} \text{HCH + NAD}^+ \text{ + H}_2\text{O} \]
*Options:*
- Addition
- Reduction
- Hydrolysis
- Oxidation
- Over
**Explanation:**
In this chemical equation, an alcohol group (–OH) is oxidized to an aldehyde (–CHO). Additionally, NADH is oxidized to NAD⁺. This type of reaction is an example of an oxidation reaction. Select the correct answer by choosing the radiobutton next to "oxidation."](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F13099201-a541-499b-ba16-bcbe014bfad2%2F7611f3f7-f0fc-4040-8bc9-76a05b743c6c%2Fw7e91m_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**The following is an example of a(n) ____________ reaction:**
\[ \text{HC(OH) + NADH} \xrightarrow{\text{CR}} \text{HCH + NAD}^+ \text{ + H}_2\text{O} \]
*Options:*
- Addition
- Reduction
- Hydrolysis
- Oxidation
- Over
**Explanation:**
In this chemical equation, an alcohol group (–OH) is oxidized to an aldehyde (–CHO). Additionally, NADH is oxidized to NAD⁺. This type of reaction is an example of an oxidation reaction. Select the correct answer by choosing the radiobutton next to "oxidation."
![**Oxidation State of Carbon in Organic Compounds**
**Question:**
What is the oxidation state on the central carbon in the following compound?
**Compound:**
```
H- C H
| |
H3CO C OH
```
**Options:**
- 0
- +1
- +2
- +3
- +4
**Explanation:**
To determine the oxidation state of the central carbon atom in the compound, follow these steps:
1. **Assign known oxidation states:**
- Hydrogen (H) typically has an oxidation state of +1.
- Oxygen (O) typically has an oxidation state of -2.
2. **Write down the oxidation state for each element:**
- The central carbon (C) is bonded to two hydrogen atoms, one hydroxyl group (OH), and one methoxy group (H3CO).
3. **Calculate the oxidation state of the central carbon (C):**
- Let \( x \) be the oxidation state of the central carbon.
- The total oxidation state for a neutral molecule should be 0.
4. **Set up the equation:**
- For each hydrogen attached to the central carbon: \( 2(+1) \) (as there are two hydrogens).
- The oxidation state of oxygen in OH group is -2, and in H3CO group oxygen also contributes -2.
- The methoxy group (CH3O-) can be considered to have the carbon (-3), three hydrogen (+3 in total), and one oxygen (-2).
The equation based on the compound should balance:
\[
x + 1 + 1 + (-2) + (-2) = 0
\]
Simplify and solve:
\[
x + 2 - 4 = 0 \implies x-2 = 0 \implies x = +2
\]
**Correct Answer:**
- +2](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F13099201-a541-499b-ba16-bcbe014bfad2%2F7611f3f7-f0fc-4040-8bc9-76a05b743c6c%2F1fh64c_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Oxidation State of Carbon in Organic Compounds**
**Question:**
What is the oxidation state on the central carbon in the following compound?
**Compound:**
```
H- C H
| |
H3CO C OH
```
**Options:**
- 0
- +1
- +2
- +3
- +4
**Explanation:**
To determine the oxidation state of the central carbon atom in the compound, follow these steps:
1. **Assign known oxidation states:**
- Hydrogen (H) typically has an oxidation state of +1.
- Oxygen (O) typically has an oxidation state of -2.
2. **Write down the oxidation state for each element:**
- The central carbon (C) is bonded to two hydrogen atoms, one hydroxyl group (OH), and one methoxy group (H3CO).
3. **Calculate the oxidation state of the central carbon (C):**
- Let \( x \) be the oxidation state of the central carbon.
- The total oxidation state for a neutral molecule should be 0.
4. **Set up the equation:**
- For each hydrogen attached to the central carbon: \( 2(+1) \) (as there are two hydrogens).
- The oxidation state of oxygen in OH group is -2, and in H3CO group oxygen also contributes -2.
- The methoxy group (CH3O-) can be considered to have the carbon (-3), three hydrogen (+3 in total), and one oxygen (-2).
The equation based on the compound should balance:
\[
x + 1 + 1 + (-2) + (-2) = 0
\]
Simplify and solve:
\[
x + 2 - 4 = 0 \implies x-2 = 0 \implies x = +2
\]
**Correct Answer:**
- +2
Expert Solution

This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 2 images

Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Recommended textbooks for you

Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning

Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education

Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning

Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning

Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education

Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning

Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9780078021558
Author:
Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305079373
Author:
William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:
Cengage Learning

Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781118431221
Author:
Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:
WILEY