The following graph shows equilibrium in a free market, with equilibrium quantity of QE. PRICE E QUANTITY Supply Demand (?) For any level of output equal to QE, a buyer values a unit of goods in this market the same amount as the unit will cost a seller. Suppose now that a firm that produces for this market is able to emit particulate matter into the air surrounding its production facility, harming wildlife and negatively affecting the breathing of nearby residents. This is an example of market failure due to an externality

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
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9. Market efficiency and market failure
The following graph shows equilibrium in a free market, with equilibrium quantity of QE.
PRICE
Supply
X
E
QUANTITY
Demand
(?)
For any level of output equal to QE, a buyer values a unit of goods in this market the same amount as
the unit will cost a seller.
Suppose now that a firm that produces for this market is able to emit particulate matter into the air surrounding its production facility, harming
wildlife and negatively affecting the breathing of nearby residents. This is an example of market failure due to an externality
Transcribed Image Text:9. Market efficiency and market failure The following graph shows equilibrium in a free market, with equilibrium quantity of QE. PRICE Supply X E QUANTITY Demand (?) For any level of output equal to QE, a buyer values a unit of goods in this market the same amount as the unit will cost a seller. Suppose now that a firm that produces for this market is able to emit particulate matter into the air surrounding its production facility, harming wildlife and negatively affecting the breathing of nearby residents. This is an example of market failure due to an externality
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