The following consecutive readings were taken with a level and 4 m staff on continuously sloping ground at a common interval of 30 m. 0.780, 1.535, 1.955, 2.430, 2.985, 3.480, 1.155, 1.960, 2.365, 3.640, 0.935, 1.045, 1.630, and 2.545. The reduced level of the first point was 180.750. Rule out a page of a level field book and enter the above readings. Calculate the reduced levels of the points and also the gradient of the line joining the first and last points.

Q: Problem 1 (10 points) n the two-peg of a dummy level, the following observation are taken.…

A: Refraction correction and Curvature correction is eliminated in the calculation of Two peg dummy…

Q: I'll rate!

A: Given- DE1=18.45m±0.05mDE2=18.40m±0.04mDE3=18.48m±0.05m

Q: Complete the following level notes. Show your detailed solution and checking. Double Rodded…

A: Objective: To complete the given leveling observation table and perform the checks.   Given:…

Q: Q4: a. The following readings were observed successfully with a leveling instrument. The instrument…

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Q: From the given differential leveling notes, compute the difference in elevation between stations 5…

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Q: The following data were taken along a center line of a dam AB. The staff had been held in the 1st…

A: Required :- 1- Enter the given data in a level book form. 2- Find the reduced level of points using…

Q: Reduce the set of differential leveling notes in Table 2-11, and perform the arithmetic check.…

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Q: The following consecutive staff readings were taken with level and 5m staff at 70 m interval. The…

A: Solution: Given: Station BS IS FS 1 1.25     2   2.187   3     2.05 4 3.12     5   1.57…

Q: 1) Complete the leveling field notes shown in the table by computing recording the elevation for…

A: stationB.SI.SF.SHI…

Q: The staff reading taken on a workshop floor using a level is 0.645 m. The inverted staff reading…

A: Given data : Reduce level of floor (R.LF)=40.500 mStaff reading on floor=0.645Inverted staff reading…

Q: The readings taken during a levelling operations 1.305,1815, 1.015, 1.245, 1.355,- 2015.0.805/2.015,…

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Q: Two Pegs A and B were fixed on opposite banks of a 50 m wide river. The level was set up at A and…

A: Two pegs A and B were fixed on opposite banks of a 50 m wide river. The level was set up at A and…

Q: STA BS FS 1 5.87   2 7.03 6.29 3 3.48 6.25 4 7.25 7.08 5 10.19 5.57 6 9.29 4.45 7   4.94 a.…

A: This problem can be solved by using rise and fall method  Rise / fall = BS - FS Rise if ( BS - FS)…

Q: Q2: -The following reading was taken in levelling process as shown in table below, if the reduced…

A: This method is most suitable for the survey operation with the number of intermediate observations.…

Q: 3.19 Two pegs A and B were fixed on opposite banks of a 50 m wide river. The level was set up at A…

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Q: In the two peg test method of a dumpy level, the following observations were taken. With instrument…

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Q: Reciprocal levelling is done to test a dumpy level, along a chain line, at a common interval of 25m,…

A: Given DatReduced Levels (RLs) at first station = 97.535 mReadings (BS, IS, FS) = 3.200, 2.135,…

Q: Two pegs 'P' and 'Q' were fixed on opposite banks of a river and the following measurements were…

A: Given- Two pegs P & Q fixed on opposite banks of a river- Measurement values- R.L of station P…

Q: Direct Differential Leveling Data: Staff Reading at Level at A K 1.115 m 0.989 m 15 2.113 m 1.867m…

A: Dear student as per bartleby guidelines we are supposed answer only first 3 sub parts. Kindly repost…

Q: Q4/ The following consecutive readings were taken with a level along a line at common interval of 20…

A: GIVEN :- Common interval between stations = 20 m RL of station 0+00 = 18.2 m The instrument was…

Q: Example-3: Following readings were taken with level. 1.155, 1.565, 2.695, 3.580, 2.085, 2.895,…

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Q: STA BS HI FS ELEV BM1 2.883 130.016 127.133 ТР1 2.743 129.710 3.049 126.967 ТР2 2.855 129.876 2.690…

A: Leveling is the linear measurement process in which we establish the leveling instrument and…

Q: From the given leveling notes, compute the elevation of BM2 ELEVATION OF BM1 IS EQUAL TO 149.20

A: Given:- Station BS HI FS Elevation BM1 0.57       TP1 1.15   2.93   TP2 0.65   2.70   TP3…

Q: Problem 1. From the given data of a three wire leveling as shown in the tabulation: Point Backsight…

A: The given table is shown below:

Q: Reciprocal levelling is done to test a dumpy level, along a chain line, at a common interval of 15m,…

A: The readings from the dumpy level are given with 135m as the starting point with 15m intervals,…

Q: Question 2.6 The following consecutive readings were taken with dumpy level and 4 m levelling staff…

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Q: STA. B.S. F.S. 1 5.87 2 7.03 6.29 3 3.48 6.25 4 7.25 7.08 5 10.19 5.57 6 9.29 4.45 7 4.94 For…

A: Lets using Rise/Fall method  B.S - F.S = Rise/Fall  Positive difference mean rise  Negative…

Q: The survey works were carried out using the leveling device and the following readings were taken:…

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Q: DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING Problem: Complete the differential level notes shown in the table below. STA…

A: Complete the differential level notes

Q: The readings (2.312, 1.185, -2.365, 0.195, 0.885, 1.345, 0.905) were taken with a level. The…

A: point back bearing fore bearing height of instrument elevation of point remark         100 BM…

Q: Apply “Rise and Fall method” for working out the reduced levels of points for which the following…

A: To find RL

Q: Starting at point A and passing thru TPI and TP2 differential leveling was carried out between…

A: Levelling is a process to obtain a horizontal surface for the accurate measurement and survey of an…

Q: The following consecutive readings were taken with a leveling instrument at intervals of 25 m.…

A: There are two methods of solving this problem. 1.Height of instrument method (HI method) 2.…

Q: Problem 2 In the two-peg test of a dummy level, the following observatians are taken. INSTRUMENT SET…

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Q: Apply “Rise and Fall method” for working out the reduced levels of points for which the following…

A: Using Rise and Fall method” ,working out the reduced levels of points

Q: A dumpy level is setup at one end of a line 120m long for the purpose of determining the…

A: The stadia interval factor is given by, k=Ds where D = horizontal distance s = stadia intercept…

Errors in surveying

An error in surveying is defined as the difference between two or more values of an identical quantity. However, the estimates are never accurate and there will always be a degree of variability regardless of the research tool or method used. These differences are known as errors that need to be reduced or eliminated to maintain certain levels of accuracy. Even if you carefully follow the prescribed test procedures, the considerations may contain errors.