The following changes took place during the year in Pavolik Company’s balance sheet accounts:Cash ................................... $5 D Accounts payable ............ $35 IAccounts receivable ........... $110 I Accrued liabilities ............ $4 DInventory ............................ $70 D Bonds payable ................ $150 IPrepaid expenses .............. $9 I Deferred income taxes .... $8 ILong-term investments ...... $6 D Common stock ................ $80 DPlant and equipment .......... $200 I Retained earnings ........... $54 IAccumulated depreciation .. $(60) ILand ................................... $15 DD Decrease; I Increase.Long-term investments that had cost the company $6 were sold during the year for $16, and land thathad cost $15 was sold for $9. In addition, the company declared and paid $30 in cash dividends during theyear. No sales or retirements of plant and equipment took place during the year.The company’s income statement for the year follows:Sales ...................................................... $700Cost of goods sold ................................. 400Gross margin ......................................... 300Selling and administrative expenses ...... 184Net operating income ............................. 116Nonoperating items:Gain on sale of investments ............... $10Loss on sale of land ........................... 6 4Income before taxes .............................. 120Income taxes .......................................... 36Net income ............................................. $ 84The company’s beginning cash balance was $90, and its ending balance was $85.Required:1. Use the indirect method to determine the net cash provided by operating activities for the year.2. Prepare a statement of cash flows for the year.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
The following changes took place during the year in Pavolik Company’s balance sheet accounts:Cash ................................... $5 D Accounts payable ............ $35 IAccounts receivable ........... $110 I Accrued liabilities ............ $4 DInventory ............................ $70 D Bonds payable ................ $150 IPrepaid expenses .............. $9 I Deferred income taxes .... $8 ILong-term investments ...... $6 D Common stock ................ $80 DPlant and equipment .......... $200 I Retained earnings ........... $54 IAccumulated depreciation .. $(60) ILand ................................... $15 DD Decrease; I Increase.Long-term investments that had cost the company $6 were sold during the year for $16, and land thathad cost $15 was sold for $9. In addition, the company declared and paid $30 in cash dividends during theyear. No sales or retirements of plant and equipment took place during the year.The company’s income statement for the year follows:Sales ...................................................... $700Cost of goods sold ................................. 400Gross margin ......................................... 300Selling and administrative expenses ...... 184Net operating income ............................. 116Nonoperating items:Gain on sale of investments ............... $10Loss on sale of land ........................... 6 4Income before taxes .............................. 120Income taxes .......................................... 36Net income ............................................. $ 84The company’s beginning cash balance was $90, and its ending balance was $85.Required:1. Use the indirect method to determine the net cash provided by operating activities for the year.2. Prepare a statement of cash flows for the year.
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