The following affine cipher with the key k = (a, b) uses only uppercase letters of English alphabet encoded as elements of Z26 : ABCD EF 012 GH KILIM 3 4 56 7 9 10 11|12 W XY|Z 8 NOPO RS 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2o 21 22 23 24 25 UlV Encryption function is: y = ax + b mod 26 Assume you have obtained the ciphertext sequence: E V W JC PU W ZY and the initial 2 letters of the plaintext are: U N a) Find the key, k = (a, b). b) Write the decryption function: x = a-1(y – b) mod 26 c) Decrypt the rest of the ciphertext.
Angles in Circles
Angles within a circle are feasible to create with the help of different properties of the circle such as radii, tangents, and chords. The radius is the distance from the center of the circle to the circumference of the circle. A tangent is a line made perpendicular to the radius through its endpoint placed on the circle as well as the line drawn at right angles to a tangent across the point of contact when the circle passes through the center of the circle. The chord is a line segment with its endpoints on the circle. A secant line or secant is the infinite extension of the chord.
Arcs in Circles
A circular arc is the arc of a circle formed by two distinct points. It is a section or segment of the circumference of a circle. A straight line passing through the center connecting the two distinct ends of the arc is termed a semi-circular arc.
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