The flow section below shows an open channel with a slope of 0.00045 wherein: - for the main channel, n = 0.023 and for the floodplain on one side of the main channel, n is twice that of the main channel. "earth canal" 1.4m flood plain (about 200 m long) 2.5m 2 18m

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Measuring site work, Excavation and Piling

Bid drawings typically include very little material about the precise requirements of site work operations, measuring site work and excavation work differs from measuring most other works on a construction project. The actual site work conditions are not provided and also the dimensions of the excavations are not known during the pre-construction phase. The precise measurement of the excavation and backfill of the earth material and topsoil is important for a contractor to decide upon the total cost required for the process. All the works should be carried out under OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) standards to ensure the safety of the workers.