The financial impact of type 2 diabetes on patients. Include information about the costs of 3 different types of insulin, the costs of insulin supplies, and the costs of 3 different non-insulin medications used to treat type 2 diabetes.
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- Discuss the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes and explain the reasons for the sign/symptoms seen in diabetes. ANSWER SHOULD INCLUDE: Type 1 - causes ,incidence Type 2 - cause, incidence Lack of insulin to blood glucose levels rise ( hyperglycaemia e.g. 20mmol/or more); glucose can not move into cells to provide energy for metabolic reactions. Link to symptoms, e.g. tiredness, hunger. Glucose excreted in urine ( exceeds renal threshold). Link to polyuria,thirst,dehydration - protein broken down to form more glucose (gluconeogenesis): provides energy to cells. -Link Fats broken down to FFA and glycerol for glucose production (gluconeogenesis). Link to weight loss. Link excess ketone bodies formed from fat break down to ketoacidosis. Link to ketone in urine (ketonuria), vomiting, coma.What are the dietary and lifestyle modulation of insulin sensitivity. Current evidence including contoversies and contraindications to improving insulin sensitivity. Dietray factors can be food, food group, dietary model/pattern etc., Lifestyle includes non-dietary factorsy and food related lifestyle factors, e.g timing, restrictions on when food is eaten environment food is eaten in/who it is eater with etc.,Give the most accurate explanation for why it is not possible to treat type 1 diabetes co-drug in tablet form. Choose an alternative: Drugs for type 1 diabetes can not be prepared in tablet form Drugs for type 1 diabetes must be given in such large doses that the tablets would become too large Drugs for type 1 diabetes are broken down in the gastrointestinal tract Type 1 diabetes is treated with Lifestyle Advice Drugs for type 1 diabetes have no shelf life in tablet form
- Explain. AsapExplain current understanding of the pathophysiology of insulin resistance including risk factors?e. Given her recent diagnosis, Julia finds it difficult to administer an appropriate amount of insulin. Before every meal, Julia carries out the following procedure. 1. Measures her blood glucose level 2. Estimates the mass of glucose in her meal 3. Injects the quantity of insulin required to metabolise the amount of glucose in her meal. She then measures her blood glucose level again two hours after her meal. Julia records all this information on an app on her smartphone. The chart below was obtained from the app on her smartphone after 24 hours. ii. Concentration (mmol/L) i. 30 25 20 15 5 0 10 Blood glucose before eating Insulin injected Blood glucose two hours after eating Breakfast Lunch Dinner Dessert Identify the meal estimated by Julia to contain the lowest amount of glucose and give a reason. Suggest two reasons why Julia's blood glucose level was 15 mmol/L in two hours after dinner.
- Lifestyle modification could be very useful for this patient. What would these modificationsinclude and would they help resolve the type 1, type 2, or both types of diabetes mellitus that this patient is experiencing? Explain your answer.How does Type-2 Diabetes occur? Explain the pathophysiology and give its laboratory diagnosisCurrently available & approved NON-INSULIN MEDICATIONS/PRODUCTS in the market to treat Type-2 Diabetes: Generic Brand Name Route Anticipated Reduction in Common (choose among these) Prandial Name Side Effects A1C (A1C lowering) insulin Basal insulin Both (prandial and basal) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
- Type Il diabetes is best described as the long term effects of immune attack of the pancreatic beta cells an insulin-centered illness observed only in adults the long term effects of lowered insulin responsiveness of tissues the prevalent adult version of diabetes, which in children is called Type 1To explain: The reason why injecting excess insulin could impair brain function.One of the indications for prescribing nateglinide is:A. Depletion of pancreatic beta-cellsB. Significant postprandial hyperglycemiaC. Tendency to develop lactic acidosisD. Resistance to sulfonylureasE. Insulin resistance