The figure shows a long cylinder and its cross section. There are N (N is a large number) wire on the curved surface of the cylinder at uniform spacing and paral- lel to its axis. Each wire has current I and cross sectional radius of wires are small compared to radius R of the cyl- inder. Find magnetic field at a distance x from the axis of the cylinder for (a) x < R (b) x > R R

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Q: your take on the FSF and what it entails.

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Quantization and Resolution

Quantization is a methodology of carrying out signal modulation by the process of mapping input values from an infinitely long set of continuous values to a smaller set of finite values. Quantization forms the basic algorithm for lossy compression algorithms and represents a given analog signal into digital signals. In other words, these algorithms form the base of an analog-to-digital converter. Devices that process the algorithm of quantization are known as a quantizer. These devices aid in rounding off (approximation) the errors of an input function called the quantized value.

Probability of Error

This topic is widely taught in many undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses of: