The figure below shows the closed loop position control block diagram of a spring mass damper system. Based on this figure , answer the following questions (13-21) 13. Block number 3 represents.. . function * ...transfer 6 20s+50 4 2s s2+8s+4 (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) 10 O Position Sensor

5

A 555 timer configured to run as an astable mode oscillator is shown in Figure 1. If the output is needed to have 30% duty cycle, i) Determine the required value of Rị if R2 = 7kN. ii) Determine the frequency of the output. iii) Draw the charging and discharging phase of capacitor Cext and its relation with the output waveform. ASsume Vcc = 12 V. +Vcc (4) |(8) R1 RESET Vcc (7) DISCH 555 D1 R2 (6) THRESH (3) OUT (2) TRIG (5) CONT GND :Cext 0.01 µF (1) 0.01µF Figure 1

Q2 Figure Q2 shows a Linear Feedback Shift Register circuit. Write down the VHDL entity associated with a 6-bit shift register with the inputs and outputs as shown in Figure Q2. (a) (b) Write down a VHDL architecture for a 6-bit shift register. 6-bit parallel out shift register clk d reset serial_in Figure Q2

3) Explain the construction, principle of operation, circuit and applications of Variable reluctance transducer with neat diagrams. 4) Describe the construction of LVDT and explain its principle of operation with the aid of diagram, list the advantages, disadvantages and applications of LVDT.

a. What are DC Choppers? Explain what TRC (Time Ratio Control) is b. A Buck Converter is used with a 2mH inductor and a supply voltage of 15V. The load resistance is maintained at 1 Q. The switching frequency is 100 kHz. i. Determine the duty cycle needed for an output voltage of 5V. ii. Calculate the output supply voltage ripple. iii. What are the consequences of decreasing the load resistance by 50% (to 0.5 ohms)? c. Identify the class of converter in the figure and describe the principle of operation of such a converter. d. State a possible application of such a converter. e. Draw the output waveforms of the current and voltage and the gate pulses of the choppers. Indicate on the current waveform the region of operation of the choppers and diodes. CH₁ CH₂ AD₂ Chopper wwwroo E +← Vo

Análisis de rectificador onda completa Consider the capacitor-filter rectifier circuit as shown in Figure 1. The input is a single-phase source that is derived from a 220 Vrms mains. Tasks for analysis: (a) Rig up the circuit as shown in Figure land plot V andi versus time. (b) Why is there ringing on the current wave-form? (c) What is the series impedance of the circuitệ (d) Plot V and V. versus time. What is the ripple? How does ripple depend on load, capacitor C; and frequency of input wave-form? (e) Measure the current and voltage waveform across the rectifier diode. (f) Estimate the average and ms currents through the rectifier diode, Calculate the diode power dissipation. (g) What should be the peak current rating of the diode? (h) Change the initial charge voltage on the capacitor Cr. What is the effect on the input surge current? (i) Change the phase angle of the input V, at start up. Observe the effect on current i. What happens and why? 1) Under whaf conditions do you get…