The extraction of aluminum metal from the aluminum hydroxide found in bauxite by the Hall-Héroult process is one of the most remarkable success stories of19th century chemistry, turning aluminum from a rare and precious metal into the cheap commodity it is today. In the first step, aluminum hydroxide reacts toform alumina (Al2O3) and water:->>2Al(OH)3(s) Al2O3(s) + 3 H₂O(g)In the second step, alumina (Al2O3) and carbon react to form aluminum and carbon dioxide:2A1,0,(x) + 3C(s) 4Al(s) + 3 CO, (g)->Suppose the yield of the first step is 78.% and the yield of the second step is 97.%. Calculate the mass of aluminum hydroxide required to make 5.0 kg ofaluminum.Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if needed, and is rounded to the correct number of significant digits.☐olo□□§4?olo&

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Answered: The extraction of aluminum metal from…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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The extraction of aluminum metal from the aluminum hydroxide found in bauxite by the Hall-Héroult process is one of the most remarkable success stories of 19th century chemistry, turning aluminum from a rare and precious metal into the cheap commodity it is today. In the first step, aluminum hydroxide reacts to form alumina Al2O3 and water: 2Al(OH)3(s) + Al2O3(s) -> 3H2O(g) In the second step, alumina Al2O3 and carbon react to form aluminum and carbon dioxide: 2Al2O3(s) + 3C(s) + 4Al(s) -> 3CO2(g) Suppose the yield of the first step is 74.% and the yield of the second step is 76.% . Calculate the mass of aluminum hydroxide required to make 4.0kg of aluminum. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if needed, and is rounded to the correct number of significant digits.
Over coffee and croissants at breakfast one day, your friend Tom (an expert chemist) says this: "Metal sulfides react with strong acids to produce hydrogen sulfide and a salt." Using Tom's statement, and what you already know about chemistry, predict the products of the following reaction. Be sure your chemical equation is balanced! FeS(s) + HNO3(aq) ->
One way the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tests for chloride contaminants in water is by titrating a sample of silver nitrate solution. Any chloride anions in solution will combine with the silver cations to produce bright white silver chloride precipitate.Suppose an EPA chemist tests a 250.mL sample of groundwater known to be contaminated with cadmium chloride, which would react with silver nitrate solution like this: CdCl2(aq)+2AgNO3(aq)→2AgCl(s)+CdNO32(aq). The chemist adds 51.0mM silver nitrate solution to the sample until silver chloride stops forming. She then washes, dries, and weighs the precipitate. She finds she has collected 8.9mg of silver chloride. Calculate the concentration of cadmium chloride contaminant in the original groundwater sample. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
Give the formula for each of the following compounds: Classify each of the following compounds as ionic (I0), molecular (M), binary acid (BA), or oxyacid (OA).
Silicon tetrachloride (SICI4 ) can be prepared by heating Si in chlorine gas: Si(s) + 2C12(g) -> SiCl2(1) In one reaction, 0.507 mole of SiCI4 is produced. What mass (grams) of molecular chlorine were used in the reaction? Choose the nearest answer. MW SICI4 = 169.9 g/mol; MW CI = 35.453 g/mol (A) 36 grams (B) 72 grams 27 grams D) 63 grams
1.58g of magnesium hydrogencarbonate was added to a 1.68 mol/L solution of acetic acid, CH3COOH in water (50.0 mL), producing carbon dioxide gas, water and magnesium acetate, Mg(CH3COO)2. a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. b) What mass of acetic acid is in the aqueous solution? c) Which of the reactants is the limiting reagent? Justify your answer. d) If 1.23 g of magnesium acetate was produced, what is the percentage yield of the reaction? e) What is the theoretical yield (in grams) of carbon dioxide from this reaction? f) The above reaction is performed in a closed 25 L container at 10 °C. Upon completion of the reaction, what will the final pressure of CO2 be inside the container? please answer d, e and f
Balance the following chemical equations (include the states of matter): The reaction between elemental phosphorus P4(s) and O2(g) to make P4O10(s):
The Apollo 13 mission astronauts are running out of oxygen and need to get rid of the excess carbon dioxide. You know that sodium hydroxide can remove carbon dioxide from the spacecraft cabin. The filter which they had been using is fully saturated and no longer works. The astronauts have a 5 kg container of sodium hydroxide on the ship. The reaction to neutralize the air, remove carbon dioxide with sodium hydroxide is shown below CO2(g) + 2NaOH(s) ⟶⟶ Na2CO3(aq) + H2O(l) The astronauts have 2 days left before they land on earth. You know that there are three astronauts, and each astronaut emits roughly 500. g of carbon dioxide each day. Is there enough sodium hydroxide in the cabin to cleanse the cabin air of the carbon dioxide, or are the astronauts doomed? Calculate how much sodium hydroxide is required to remove all the carbon dioxide from the three astronauts. Be sure to show all your work!
Because of the toxicity of mercury compounds, mercury(I) chloride is used in antibacterial salves. The mercury(I) ion Hg22+ consists of two bound Hg+ ions.How many grams of mercury(I) chloride are needed to saturate 4900 km3 of water (the volume of Lake Michigan)? (Ksp = 1.5 × 10−18) .
Write a balanced chemical equation based on the following description: solid sodium reacts with chlorine gas to produce solid sodium chloride. Na(s)+Cl2(g)_
Silicon tetrachloride (SICI4 ) can be prepared by heating Si in chlorine gas: Si(s) + 2C12(g) -> SiCI4(1) In one reaction, 0.507 mole of SiCI4 is produced. What mass (grams) of molecular chlorine were used in the reaction? Choose the nearest answer. MW SICI4 = 169.9 g/mol; MW Cl = 35.453 g/mol A 63 grams B 27 grams 72 grams D 36 grams
Carborundum (silicon carbide), SiC, is a very hard material used as an abrasive on sandpaper and in other applications. It is prepared by the reaction of pure sand, SiO2, with carbon at high temperature. Carbon monoxide, CO, is the other product of this reaction. (a) Write the balanced equation for this reaction. (Omit states - of - matter from your answer. Use the lowest possible whole number coefficients.) chemPadHelp (b) Calculate how many kilograms of SiO2 are required to produce 3.14 kg of SIC.

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