The equity sections for Atticus Group at the beginning of the year (January 1) and end of the year (December 31) follow. Stockholders’ Equity January 1 Common stock—$4 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, 40,000 shares issued and outstanding $ 160,000 Paid-in capital in excess of par value, common stock 120,000 Retained earnings 320,000 Total stockholders’ equity $ 600,000 Stockholders’ Equity (December 31) Common stock—$4 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, 47,400 shares issued, 3,000 shares in treasury $ 189,600 Paid-in capital in excess of par value, common stock 179,200 Retained earnings ($30,000 restricted by treasury stock) 400,000 768,800 Less cost of treasury stock (30,000 ) Total stockholders’ equity $ 738,800 The following transactions and events affected its equity during the year. Jan. 5 Declared a $0.50 per share cash dividend, payable on January 10. Mar. 20 Purchased treasury stock for cash. Apr. 5 Declared a $0.50 per share cash dividend, payable on April 10. July 5 Declared a $0.50 per share cash dividend, payable on July 10. July 31 Declared a 20% stock dividend when the stock’s market value was $12 per share. Aug. 14 Issued the stock dividend that was declared on July 31. Oct. 5 Declared a $0.50 per share cash dividend, date of record October 10. Stage 1: Create journal entry for each of the following January 5: Declared a $0.50 per share cash dividend, payable January 10. January 10: Record payment of the 01/05 dividend. March 20: Purchased treasury stok for cash. Hint: Use information from the December 21 Stockholders' equity statement. Entry to restrict retined earnings is not required. April 5: Declared a $0.50 per share cash dividend, payable on April 10. April 10: Record payment of the 04/05 dividend.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
The equity sections for Atticus Group at the beginning of the year (January 1) and end of the year (December 31) follow.
| Common stock—$4 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, 40,000 shares issued and outstanding |
$ | 160,000 |
| Paid-in capital in excess of par value, common stock | 120,000 | |
| 320,000 | ||
| Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 600,000 |
| Stockholders’ Equity (December 31) | |||
| Common stock—$4 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, 47,400 shares issued, 3,000 shares in treasury |
$ | 189,600 | |
| Paid-in capital in excess of par value, common stock | 179,200 | ||
| Retained earnings ($30,000 restricted by |
400,000 | ||
| 768,800 | |||
| Less cost of treasury stock | (30,000 | ) | |
| Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 738,800 | |
The following transactions and events affected its equity during the year.
| Jan. | 5 | Declared a $0.50 per share cash dividend, payable on January 10. | ||
| Mar. | 20 | Purchased treasury stock for cash. | ||
| Apr. | 5 | Declared a $0.50 per share cash dividend, payable on April 10. | ||
| July | 5 | Declared a $0.50 per share cash dividend, payable on July 10. | ||
| July | 31 | Declared a 20% stock dividend when the stock’s market value was $12 per share. | ||
| Aug. | 14 | Issued the stock dividend that was declared on July 31. | ||
| Oct. | 5 | Declared a $0.50 per share cash dividend, date of record October 10. |
Stage 1: Create
- January 5: Declared a $0.50 per share cash dividend, payable January 10.
- January 10: Record payment of the 01/05 dividend.
- March 20: Purchased treasury stok for cash. Hint: Use information from the December 21 Stockholders' equity statement. Entry to restrict retined earnings is not required.
- April 5: Declared a $0.50 per share cash dividend, payable on April 10.
- April 10: Record payment of the 04/05 dividend.
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