The energy required to shear a 1-in. round bar is approximately 1000 ft-lb. In use, the shearing machine is expected to make a maximum of 40 cutting strokes a minute. The frictional losses should not exceed 18 % of the motor output. The shaft carrying the flywheel is to average 150 rpm. (a) What motor horsepower is required? (b) Assuming a size of flywheel and choosing appropriate f C, find the mass and sectional dimensions of the rim of a cast-iron flywheel. The width of the rim is to equal the depth and is not to exceed 3 ½ in. It would be safe to assume that all the work of shearing is supplied by the kinetic energy given up by the flywheel.

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Combined Loading

Any functioning component, such as machine parts, structural members, pressure vessels, and so on, are all under the influence of more than one force. When anybody is under the influence of more than one force such as shear forces, bending moments, axial forces, torsion, and so on, then such body is said to be under combined loading. A very practical example of combined loading is the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine (IC engine). The crankshaft of the IC engine is under high rpm, which is caused due to the torsional forces. Due to the presence of piston, counterbalances, and internal imbalances, the crankshaft experiences lateral forces and due to the rise in temperature, the crankshaft undergoes thermal expansion, which pulls the crankshaft along the axial direction and lateral direction. The presence of unbalanced loads along the periphery of the crankshaft also induces a bending moment.