The energy for tropical cyclones is primarily delivered to the atmosphere by the water vapor evaporated from warm ocean surfaces. This energy is released within the atmosphere through condensation in thunderstorms and distributed by the persistent, organized wind circulation of the storm. From the color coding of storm intensities indicated on the Figure 7B-2 map of Hurricane Florence (#6) and Major Hurricane Michael (#13) upon making landfall, the weakening of the storms’ energy would likely have been due to ______.a.reduced evaporation when overlandb.increased surface roughness slowing windsc.both of these factorsBecause of a Northern Hemisphere hurricane’s counterclockwise circulation around its surface low-pressure center as seen from above, such winds would have brought extensive wind damage, accompanying heavy rainfalls and a damaging storm surge mainly to the ______ of the point where an advancing hurricane’s center would come ashore. In 2018, Major Hurricane Michael’s circulation center made landfall just west of Mexico Beach, FL, with catastrophic wave action and storm surge inundation along the shoreline. It also cut two new inlets at St. Joseph State Park. The devastation included an estimated $14 billion (U.S.) in damages and about 60 deaths attributed to the storm.a.leftb.right ### Atmosphere-Ocean Interface and the 2018 Hurricane SeasonThe Atlantic basin hurricane season begins on 1 June while the eastern North Pacific basin season begins 15 May. The hurricane season officially ends in both basins on 30 November. The 2018 hurricane season in the Atlantic basin was above normal for named storms and hurricanes, but slightly below normal for major (rated Saffir-Simpson category 3 or higher) hurricanes (as per Phil Klotzbach, [Link 7B-2]). Despite this lesser number of major hurricanes, the ones that did occur in the Atlantic were particularly devastating (e.g., Florence & Michael) with their landfalls in the U.S. By contrast, in the Pacific basin, there were a total of 22 named storms, which was only five short of the all-time record of 27 set in 1992. This seasonal uptick in the Pacific was very likely the result of abnormally warm sea-surface temperatures (SSTs), helping to provide a favorable breeding ground. By many measures, the 2018 hurricane season was indeed significant, one not to be forgotten for a long time.In sum, there were 14 named Atlantic-basin tropical storms in 2018, which includes 7 hurricanes with 2 becoming major hurricanes. This compares to 1966–2009 long-term averages for the Atlantic basin of 11.3 named tropical storms, 6.2 becoming hurricanes with 2.3 being major hurricanes. The 2010, 2011, 2012 seasons were all more active, with 19 named tropical storms each. The 2017 season was more active than 2018.**Figure 7B-2** is the track map of Atlantic basin tropical cyclones for the 2018 season from the National Hurricane Center (NHC) ([Link 7B-3]). The track of each named storm is shown numbered at the beginning and end of its track. The names of the storms, corresponding to the numbers along with strength and dates of existence, are in a table to the upper left. Recall that hurricane wind threshold speed is 64 kts (74 mph). The type, MH, in the table and legend of **Figure 7B-1** defines ‘Major Hurricanes’ as category 3, category 4, and category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson scale.**Figure 7B-

A tropical cyclone is essentially a circular storm. It originates over the warm tropical ocean…

The energy for tropical cyclones is primarily delivered to the atmosphere by the water vapor evaporated from warm ocean surfaces. This energy is released within the atmosphere through condensation in thunderstorms and distributed by the persistent, organized wind circulation of the storm. From the color coding of storm intensities indicated on the Figure 7B-2 map of Hurricane Florence (#6) and Major Hurricane Michael (#13) upon making landfall, the weakening of the storms’ energy would likely have been due to . a.reduced evaporation when overland b.increased surface roughness slowing winds c.both of these factors Because of a Northern Hemisphere hurricane’s counterclockwise circulation around its surface low-pressure center as seen from above, such winds would have brought extensive wind damage, accompanying heavy rainfalls and a damaging storm surge mainly to the of the point where an advancing hurricane’s center would come ashore. In 2018, Major Hurricane Michael’s circulation center made landfall just west of Mexico Beach, FL, with catastrophic wave action and storm surge inundation along the shoreline. It also cut two new inlets at St. Joseph State Park. The devastation included an estimated $14 billion (U.S.) in damages and about 60 deaths attributed to the storm. a.left b.right

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)

9th Edition

ISBN:9780134746241

Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa

Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa

Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals

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The energy for tropical cyclones is primarily delivered to the atmosphere by the water vapor evaporated from warm ocean surfaces. This energy is released within the atmosphere through condensation in thunderstorms and distributed by the persistent, organized wind circulation of the storm. From the color coding of storm intensities indicated on the Figure 7B-2 map of Hurricane Florence (#6) and Major Hurricane Michael (#13) upon making landfall, the weakening of the storms’ energy would likely have been due to ______.
a.reduced evaporation when overland
b.increased surface roughness slowing winds
c.both of these factors

Because of a Northern Hemisphere hurricane’s counterclockwise circulation around its surface low-pressure center as seen from above, such winds would have brought extensive wind damage, accompanying heavy rainfalls and a damaging storm surge mainly to the ______ of the point where an advancing hurricane’s center would come ashore. In 2018, Major Hurricane Michael’s circulation center made landfall just west of Mexico Beach, FL, with catastrophic wave action and storm surge inundation along the shoreline. It also cut two new inlets at St. Joseph State Park. The devastation included an estimated $14 billion (U.S.) in damages and about 60 deaths attributed to the storm.
a.left
b.right