The dirname utility treats its argument as a pathname and writes to standard output the path prefix—that is, everything up to but not including the last component: $ dirname a/b/c/d a/b/c If you give dirname a simple filename (no / characters) as an argument, dir-name writes a . to standard output: $ dirname simple . Implement dirname as a bash function. Make sure it behaves sensibly when given such arguments as /.

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