The diameter of steel rods manufactured on two different extrusion machines is being investigated. Two random samples of sizes n₁ = 15 and n₂ = 17 are selected, and the sample means and sample variances are x₁ = 8.69, s² = 0.35, X₂ = = 8.68, s2 = 0.40, respectively. Assume that o? = 0 and that the data are drawn from a normal distribution.

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**Investigation of Steel Rod Diameters from Two Extrusion Machines**

**Background:**
The goal is to determine if there is a statistical difference in the mean diameters of steel rods produced by two different extrusion machines. Two independent random samples are taken—sample 1 with \( n_1 = 15 \) and sample 2 with \( n_2 = 17 \). The sample statistics are as follows:

- Sample 1: Mean \( \bar{x}_1 = 8.69 \), Variance \( s^2_1 = 0.35 \)
- Sample 2: Mean \( \bar{x}_2 = 8.68 \), Variance \( s^2_2 = 0.40 \)

It's assumed that \( \sigma^2_1 = \sigma^2_2 \) and the samples are drawn from a normal distribution.

**Analysis Part (a):**
Determine if there's evidence to suggest the two machines produce rods with different mean diameters, using \( P \)-value bounds.

- Options for \( P \)-values are:
  - less than 0.40
  - between 0.40 and 0.80
  - greater than 0.80
  
- Conclusion Options:
  - Reject \( H_0 \)
  - Fail to reject \( H_0 \)

**Analysis Part (b):**
Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean rod diameters using provided tables.

- Answer should be rounded to three decimal places.

**Analysis Part (c):**
Interpret the confidence interval.

- We are 95% confident that the true difference in mean diameters from the two machines is 0.
- Since 0 is contained in the interval, there is a 95% probability that the true difference in mean diameters from the two machines is 0.
- We are 95% confident that the true difference in mean diameters from the two machines is between -0.434 and 0.454.
- There is a 95% probability that the interval contains the true difference in mean diameters from the two machines.

This exercise involves applying statistical tests to compare the means of two samples and interpreting the results to reach a conclusion about the population difference.
Transcribed Image Text:**Investigation of Steel Rod Diameters from Two Extrusion Machines** **Background:** The goal is to determine if there is a statistical difference in the mean diameters of steel rods produced by two different extrusion machines. Two independent random samples are taken—sample 1 with \( n_1 = 15 \) and sample 2 with \( n_2 = 17 \). The sample statistics are as follows: - Sample 1: Mean \( \bar{x}_1 = 8.69 \), Variance \( s^2_1 = 0.35 \) - Sample 2: Mean \( \bar{x}_2 = 8.68 \), Variance \( s^2_2 = 0.40 \) It's assumed that \( \sigma^2_1 = \sigma^2_2 \) and the samples are drawn from a normal distribution. **Analysis Part (a):** Determine if there's evidence to suggest the two machines produce rods with different mean diameters, using \( P \)-value bounds. - Options for \( P \)-values are: - less than 0.40 - between 0.40 and 0.80 - greater than 0.80 - Conclusion Options: - Reject \( H_0 \) - Fail to reject \( H_0 \) **Analysis Part (b):** Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean rod diameters using provided tables. - Answer should be rounded to three decimal places. **Analysis Part (c):** Interpret the confidence interval. - We are 95% confident that the true difference in mean diameters from the two machines is 0. - Since 0 is contained in the interval, there is a 95% probability that the true difference in mean diameters from the two machines is 0. - We are 95% confident that the true difference in mean diameters from the two machines is between -0.434 and 0.454. - There is a 95% probability that the interval contains the true difference in mean diameters from the two machines. This exercise involves applying statistical tests to compare the means of two samples and interpreting the results to reach a conclusion about the population difference.
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