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The demand in a water distribution system averages 15 cfs. What is the total annual demand in acre feet?

The demand in a water distribution system averages 15 cfs. What is the total annual demand in acre feet?

Structural Analysis
Structural Analysis
6th Edition
ISBN:9781337630931
Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Chapter2: Loads On Structures
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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The demand in a water distribution system averages 15 cfs. What is the total annual demand in acre feet?
Transcribed Image Text:The demand in a water distribution system averages 15 cfs. What is the total annual demand in acre feet?
Water Boards UNITS AND CONVERSION FACTORS 1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.3832 lb 1 gallon of water weighs 8.34 lb 1 liter of water weighs 1,000 gm State Water Resources Control Board 1 mg/L = 1 part per million (ppm) 1% = 10,000 ppm ft²= square feet and ft² = cubic feet 1 mile = 5,280 feet (ft) 1 yd³=27ft² and 1 yard = 3 feet 1 acre (a) = 43,560 square feet (ft²) 1 acre foot = 325,851 gallons 1 cubic foot (ft³) = 7.48 gallons (gal) 1 gal = 3.785 liters (L) 1 L = 1,000 milliliters (ml) 1 pound (lb) = 454 grams (gm) 1 lb = 7,000 grains (gr) 1 grain per gallon (gpg) = 17.1 mg/L 1 gm = 1,000 milligrams (mg) 1 day = 24 hr = 1,440 min = 86,400 sec 1,000,000 gal/day + 86,400 sec/day+ 7.48 gal/cu ft = 1.55 cu ft/sec/MGD CHLORINATION Dosage, mg/l = (Demand, mg/l) + (Residual, mg/l) (Gas) lbs = Vol, MG x ppm or mg/L x 8.34 lbs/gal HTH Solid (lbs). (Vol. MG) x (ppm or mg/L) x 8.34 lbs/gal (% Strength / 100) Liquid (gal) = (Vol. MG) x (ppm or mg/L) x 8.34 lbs/gal (% Strength /100) x Chemical Wt. (lbs/gal) PRESSURE PSI (Head, ft.) 2.31ft./psi lbs Force= (0.785) (D, ft.) x 144 in²ft² x PSI. PSI = Head, ft x 0.433 PSL. VOLUME Rectangular Basin, Volume, gal = (Length, ft) x (Width, ft) x (Height, ft) x 7.48 gallcu.ft Cylinder, Volume, gal = (0.785) x (Dia, ft) x (Height, Depth, or Length in ft) x 7.48 galit Time, Hrs. = Supply, Hrs. = MATTHEW ROQUEZ Volume, gallons (Pumping Rate, GPM, x 60 Min/Hr) Storage Volume, Gals (Flow In, GPM - Flow Out, GPM) x 60 Min/Hr) SOLUTIONS Lbs/Gal= (Solution %) x 8.34 Ibs/gal x Specific Gravity 100 % of Chemical = in Solution GPD = Lbs Chemical = Spectic Gravity x 8.34 lbsgallons x Solution(gal) Specific Gravity = Chemical Wt. (lbs/gal) 8.34 (lbs/gal) GPD = TECTIN (Dry Chemical, lbs) x 100 (Dry Wt. Chemical, lbs)+(Water, lbs) (MGD) x (ppm or mg/L) x 8.34 lbs/gal (% purity) x Chemical Wt. (lbs/gal) (Feed, ml/min. x 1,440 min/day) (1,000 ml/Lx 3.785 Ligal) Two-Normal Equations: a) C₁V₁= C₂V₂ b) C₁V₁+C₂V₂=C3V3 C = Concentration V = Volume 9-9 Q = Flow 1 horsepower (Hp) = 746 watts = 0.746 kw = 3,960 gal/min/t Water Hp = (GPM) x (Total Head.ft) (3,960 gal/min/ft) Brake Hp Motor Hp = (GPM) x (Total Head.ft) (3,960) x (Pump % Efficiency) (GPM) x (Total Head.ft) (3,960) x Pump % Eff. x Motor % Eff. "Wire-to-Water" Efficiency (Motor, % Efficiency x Pump % Eficiency) Cost, $ = (Hp) x (0.746 Kw/Hp) x (Operating Hrs.) x cents/kw-Hr Flow. velocity, area Q=AxV Quantity = Area x Velocity Flow (ft³/sec) = Area(ft³) x Velocity (ft/sec) MGD x 1.55 cuft/sec/MGD 785 xpipe diameter ft x pipe diameter ft General ($) Cost/day Removal, Percent= 4mA=0 Specific Capacity, GPM/tt Ibs/day x ($) Costlb (In-Out) x 100 In - cu frec-tisec = sqft = Well Yield, GPM Drawdown, ft. Gals/Day = (Population) x (Gals/Capita/Day) GPD = (Meter Read 2 - Meter Read 1) (Number of Days) Volume, Gals = GPM x Time, minutes SCADA= 4 mA to 20 mA analog signal (live signal mA-4 mA offset) x process unit and range (16 mA span) 20mA full-range
Transcribed Image Text:Water Boards UNITS AND CONVERSION FACTORS 1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.3832 lb 1 gallon of water weighs 8.34 lb 1 liter of water weighs 1,000 gm State Water Resources Control Board 1 mg/L = 1 part per million (ppm) 1% = 10,000 ppm ft²= square feet and ft² = cubic feet 1 mile = 5,280 feet (ft) 1 yd³=27ft² and 1 yard = 3 feet 1 acre (a) = 43,560 square feet (ft²) 1 acre foot = 325,851 gallons 1 cubic foot (ft³) = 7.48 gallons (gal) 1 gal = 3.785 liters (L) 1 L = 1,000 milliliters (ml) 1 pound (lb) = 454 grams (gm) 1 lb = 7,000 grains (gr) 1 grain per gallon (gpg) = 17.1 mg/L 1 gm = 1,000 milligrams (mg) 1 day = 24 hr = 1,440 min = 86,400 sec 1,000,000 gal/day + 86,400 sec/day+ 7.48 gal/cu ft = 1.55 cu ft/sec/MGD CHLORINATION Dosage, mg/l = (Demand, mg/l) + (Residual, mg/l) (Gas) lbs = Vol, MG x ppm or mg/L x 8.34 lbs/gal HTH Solid (lbs). (Vol. MG) x (ppm or mg/L) x 8.34 lbs/gal (% Strength / 100) Liquid (gal) = (Vol. MG) x (ppm or mg/L) x 8.34 lbs/gal (% Strength /100) x Chemical Wt. (lbs/gal) PRESSURE PSI (Head, ft.) 2.31ft./psi lbs Force= (0.785) (D, ft.) x 144 in²ft² x PSI. PSI = Head, ft x 0.433 PSL. VOLUME Rectangular Basin, Volume, gal = (Length, ft) x (Width, ft) x (Height, ft) x 7.48 gallcu.ft Cylinder, Volume, gal = (0.785) x (Dia, ft) x (Height, Depth, or Length in ft) x 7.48 galit Time, Hrs. = Supply, Hrs. = MATTHEW ROQUEZ Volume, gallons (Pumping Rate, GPM, x 60 Min/Hr) Storage Volume, Gals (Flow In, GPM - Flow Out, GPM) x 60 Min/Hr) SOLUTIONS Lbs/Gal= (Solution %) x 8.34 Ibs/gal x Specific Gravity 100 % of Chemical = in Solution GPD = Lbs Chemical = Spectic Gravity x 8.34 lbsgallons x Solution(gal) Specific Gravity = Chemical Wt. (lbs/gal) 8.34 (lbs/gal) GPD = TECTIN (Dry Chemical, lbs) x 100 (Dry Wt. Chemical, lbs)+(Water, lbs) (MGD) x (ppm or mg/L) x 8.34 lbs/gal (% purity) x Chemical Wt. (lbs/gal) (Feed, ml/min. x 1,440 min/day) (1,000 ml/Lx 3.785 Ligal) Two-Normal Equations: a) C₁V₁= C₂V₂ b) C₁V₁+C₂V₂=C3V3 C = Concentration V = Volume 9-9 Q = Flow 1 horsepower (Hp) = 746 watts = 0.746 kw = 3,960 gal/min/t Water Hp = (GPM) x (Total Head.ft) (3,960 gal/min/ft) Brake Hp Motor Hp = (GPM) x (Total Head.ft) (3,960) x (Pump % Efficiency) (GPM) x (Total Head.ft) (3,960) x Pump % Eff. x Motor % Eff. "Wire-to-Water" Efficiency (Motor, % Efficiency x Pump % Eficiency) Cost, $ = (Hp) x (0.746 Kw/Hp) x (Operating Hrs.) x cents/kw-Hr Flow. velocity, area Q=AxV Quantity = Area x Velocity Flow (ft³/sec) = Area(ft³) x Velocity (ft/sec) MGD x 1.55 cuft/sec/MGD 785 xpipe diameter ft x pipe diameter ft General ($) Cost/day Removal, Percent= 4mA=0 Specific Capacity, GPM/tt Ibs/day x ($) Costlb (In-Out) x 100 In - cu frec-tisec = sqft = Well Yield, GPM Drawdown, ft. Gals/Day = (Population) x (Gals/Capita/Day) GPD = (Meter Read 2 - Meter Read 1) (Number of Days) Volume, Gals = GPM x Time, minutes SCADA= 4 mA to 20 mA analog signal (live signal mA-4 mA offset) x process unit and range (16 mA span) 20mA full-range
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